As he passed into old age his powers seemed to suffer little diminution, and his appearance at the age of eighty showed little indication of physical weakness. The death of Sir John Lawes in August 1900 was a severe blow to him, and soon afterwards his energies began to fail. He had a severe illness whilst away in Scotland in the autumn of 1901, but he recovered sufficiently to be able to return to his work for a short time. With the indomitable tenacity which had characterised him throughout life he continued actively at work for a few more weeks, eventually succumbing on December 23rd, 1901, in his eighty-fifth year. Thanks are due to Dr J. A. Voelcker for kind assistance; and to the Royal Agricultural College Students' Club, Cirencester, for permission to reproduce the accompanying photograph. WILLIAM CRAWFORD WILLIAMSON 1816-1895 BY DUKINFIELD H. SCOTT Early exponents of Fossil Botany--Witham of Lartington--Edward William Binney--William Crawford Williamson--early influences--first contribution to science--studies medicine--work on Foraminifera--appointed Professor at Manchester--successful popular lecturer--his influence in Natural History--investigation of the Carboniferous Flora--controversy with French palaeo-botanists--the magnitude of his output--defects in his work--later work at Kew--personal traits. During the last forty years the study of fossil plants has come to be a specially vigorous and characteristic branch of British botany. The proper subject of my lecture is Williamson, the man to whom above all others the present strong position of the subject is due. But "there were brave men before Agamemnon," and there are two of the older masters, Witham and Binney, whom I cannot wholly pass over. I ought really to include others, and notably Sir Joseph Hooker, to whom we owe our first clear understanding of _Stigmaria_ and of _Lepidostrobus_, but this course does not extend to those who, like Sir Joseph, are still living among us and still in active work[119]. I am indebted to Mr Philip Witham, a member of the family, for some information about Henry Witham, of Lartington, the first Englishman to investigate the internal structure of fossil plants. [Illustration: _Plate XX_ HENRY WITHAM OF LARTINGTON] Henry Witham was, by birth, not a Witham, but a Silvertop, having been the second son of John Silvertop of Minster Acres, Northumberland. As Henry Silvertop he came in for the Lartington property. He was born in 1779 and married Miss Eliza Witham, niece and co-heiress of William Witham of Cliffe, Yorkshire, when he took the name and arms of Witham.