Makers of ElectricityWalsh, James J. (James Joseph)
History
Makers of Electricity
Walsh, James J. (James Joseph)
Electricity -- Biography
Some phases of electrical development attributed to others really belong
to Coulomb. A typical example of this detraction from his merit is the
attribution to Biot of the solution of the problem of the complete
discharge of an electrified sphere by means of two hollow hemispheres.
This experiment is fully described by Coulomb, and he even emphasizes
the fact that the external discharging bodies need not necessarily be of
the same shape as the charged sphere. Some of what Coulomb accepted as
principles in electricity have proved in the course of time, not to be
the realities that he thought them; but the progress that has led to
such contradictions of his opinions has been mainly rendered possible by
his own discoveries. The fable of the eagle stricken by the arrow
containing some of its own feathers, is so old that one might think
that, when the progress of a science due to a scientist brings men
beyond the position he occupied, they would not blame him for
backwardness. This is, however, one of the curious critical methods in
the history of science that has most frequently to be deprecated by the
historian who is tracing origins and developments.
Coulomb's papers, with the exception of his memoir on "Problems in
Statics Applied to Architecture," his "Researches on the Methods of
executing Works under Water without the Necessity of Pumping," his
"Theory of Simple Machines," and his researches "On Windmills," which
form separate monographs, were all published together in a single volume
by the French Physical Society in 1884.[22]
This volume contains, besides his investigations on the best way of
making magnetic needles, his theoretic and experimental investigations
on the force of torsion and on the elasticity of metallic threads, which
were undertaken in order to enable him to make his electric
torsion-balance something more than mere guess-work. All the other
papers are concerned directly with electricity or magnetism, and show
how actively, nearly a hundred and twenty-five years ago, a great mind
was engaged with problems in electricity which we are apt to consider as
belonging more properly to our own time. The list of papers published in
these memoirs, arranged in chronological order, gives a good idea of the
development of electrical science in Coulomb's own mind. There is a
logical as well as a chronological order to be observed in them.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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