Makers of ElectricityWalsh, James J. (James Joseph)
History
Makers of Electricity
Walsh, James J. (James Joseph)
Electricity -- Biography
As we have said, Faraday's principal work was accomplished in the domain
of electricity. His supreme discovery, and, indeed, the most important
practical discovery in the whole realm of electricity, was that of the
induction effect of a current of electricity on a neighboring circuit.
This was accomplished by experimental work of the highest order. Toward
the end of 1824, when he was about thirty-three, he came to the definite
conclusion that an electric current might be obtained by the motion of a
magnet. His mind had been prepared for such a conclusion by Oersted's
significant discovery in July, 1820, that an electric current acts
somewhat like a magnet when the wire through which it flows is free to
move. This discovery, definitely connecting electricity and magnetism,
had been elaborated to an important degree by Ampère, and its sphere of
application broadened by Wollaston. The curious though not unusual
result in such cases, that it is not those who are in immediate touch
with a great discoverer who develop or even apply his work, was
illustrated by the fact that Ampère, the Frenchman, took up Oersted's
discovery first, while Wollaston, working in England, had been the next
one to follow successfully in the path thus opened up. It takes genius
to go even a slight step farther into the unknown; the trained talent of
disciples does not suffice. It was now Faraday, though not under
Wollaston's influence, who was to continue successfully these labors.
In spite of his persuasion that a magnet would produce by induction an
electric current, and the further step that a current in one wire could
induce a current in another, experiments during seven years had brought
him very little nearer the actual demonstration of this important
principle. Those who think that great discoveries are made by accident
and almost fall into the laps of their makers, as the apple upon Newton,
should recall these seven years of unsuccessful labor on the part of
Faraday. Finally, in 1831, he obtained the first definite evidence that
an electric current can induce another in a different circuit. The
discovery meant so much for him, that he hesitated to believe in his own
success. Nearly a month after this first demonstration for himself, he
wrote to his friend Phillips: "I am busy just now again on
electro-magnetism, and think I have got hold of a good thing, but can't
say. It may be a weed instead of a fish that, after all my labor, I may
at last pull up."
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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