But though planned this army was never completely organised, because it was only the hatamoto or other retainers of the Shogun himself who could be called on to contribute, other retainers (samurai) being already in the service of their respective feudal lords. The Hatamoto and others directly controlled by the Shogun had to provide according to their incomes as under:— Those having incomes of 500 koku (about £625 at the present day) were required to supply one soldier. Those in receipt of 1000 koku three soldiers. Incomes of 3000 koku or more were assessed at ten men. Those whose incomes were under 500 koku paid a tax in rice or its equivalent. The men to be supplied had to be between the ages of 15 and 45, and served for five years, with liberty to renew their engagement if they so chose. Each regiment of heavy infantry—6 in all—was composed of 2 battalions, each of which contained 10 sections of 40 men. Then the guard for the Shogun’s castle gates (there were 13 gates in all) was made up of 40 men at each—520 in all. Thus the total of the heavy infantry force was 5320 men. The light infantry was to protect artillery and convoys, and consisted of 4 battalions, each with 8 sections of 32 men in each. The bodyguard or rifle brigade,—the first to carry modern rifles—numbered 890 men. The heavy cavalry had swords and carbines, and numbered 888 men. The light cavalry carried lances, and were only 192 in number. The artillery had 6-pounder guns, and 12-in. howitzers,—8 guns to a battery, the men numbering in all 384. The heavy field artillery (416) men had 12-pounder guns and 15-in. howitzers, and there was half a battery at each gate,—6½ batteries altogether. In the coast defences, including the forts at Shinagawa, Yedo, there were some 2000 artillerymen. In the staff of the army were 1406 men, many being junior officers, chosen for training for military duties under the eyes of staff officers. The total effective force of the Shogunate was thus supposed to be about 13,500 men. In reality it did not muster more than 7700 men and 64 officers when the “standing army” was called on to support the waning fortunes of the Shogunate in 1867.