_Rent_, p. 20; cf. pp. 18, 57. _Essay on Pop._, 2nd ed., p. 433; 7th ed., p. 327. “If we look only to the clear monied rent,” &c. Footnote 534: Ricardo, Preface to _Principles of Pol. Econ. and Taxation_. Footnote 535: Reprinted by MacCulloch in his edition of _Pol. Econ. and Taxation_, pp. 367–390. Footnote 536: MacCulloch ed. of _Pol. Econ. and Taxation_, p. 374 n. Footnote 537: _Ibid._, p. 371. Footnote 538: So Prof. Rogers ascribes the high rents of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries very largely to the low wages; higher ones would have “reduced rent first, and profits afterwards.”—_Six Centuries_, p. 482; cf. pp. 480 and 492. Footnote 539: _Pol. Econ._ (1820), p. 161 (ch. iii. sect. iii.). Footnote 540: _Pol. Econ. and Taxation_, pp. 373, 375, 379–80; cf. pp. 71 and 72, but especially 68 ft. Malthus on the whole follows Adam Smith, I. ix.; Mill has followed Ricardo. Footnote 541: So far as the account is meant to be historical, it must be corrected by Carey. See above, p. 65. Footnote 542: Ricardo, _l. c._ p. 372 and n. Cf. below. He appeals to Adam Smith’s principle of compensation (_Wealth of Nations_, I. x.). Footnote 543: Rogers (_Six Centuries_, p. 352) goes so far the other way as to make improvements the only cause of an increase of rent, though the passage should be read with p. 480, and especially pp. 482 and 492. Footnote 544: _E. g._ Mrs. Fawcett, _Pol. Econ. for Beginners_, pp. 65, 66; and even West, on _Rent_, p. 50. Footnote 545: _3rd Report_, 1827, p. 321, qu. 3341. Cf. Perr. Thompson, _True Theory of Rent_, pp. 8, 12, 34, &c. (1832, 9th ed.). Footnote 546: _Tract on Value_, p. 6. Footnote 547: Ricardo, _Low Price of Corn_, &c., _Works_, pp. 373, 380, 381, &c. Footnote 548: _Ibid._, pp. 377, 379. Footnote 549: Ricardo, _Works_, _l. c._ p. 378. Footnote 550: _Pol. Econ. and Tax._, ibid. pp. 50 _seq._, esp. pp. 54, 55. Footnote 551: _l. c._ p. 55 ft. Footnote 552: _Low Price_, &c., _ibid._, p. 379. Footnote 553: _Pol. Econ. and Tax._, ch. v.; cf. Malthus, _Pol. Econ._ (1820), p. 230. Footnote 554: But cf. _Works_, p. 377 n. Footnote 555: _Pol. Econ._, IV. iii § 4. Cf. Walker, _Land and its Rent_, pp. 177–81, though it has been pointed out that on p. 178 that writer omits Mill’s qualifying phrase, (improvements) “suddenly made.” Footnote 556: See Sir James Caird’s table appended to _Landed Interest_ (1878). Cf. Cairne’s _Essays in Pol. Ec._, vi. p. 216. Footnote 557: Bk. III. ch. vii p. 429. Footnote 558: _Essay_, 2nd ed., Bk. III. ch. viii. p. 437. Footnote 559: _Ibid._, _l. c._ ch. ix. pp. 443 _seq._ Footnote 560: _Essay_, Bk. III. ch. ix. p. 450. Footnote 561: _Ibid._, ch. x. p. 465. Footnote 562: _Ibid._, Bk. V. ch. x. p. 468 n. Footnote 563: _Pol. Econ._ (1820), pp. 227 _seq._, (1836) pp. 240 _seq._ Footnote 564: