Mammals of the Southwest Mountains and MesasOlin, George
Science
Mammals of the Southwest Mountains and Mesas
Olin, George
Mammals -- Southwest, New
Though bears, because of their dentition, are classed as carnivores,
they might more accurately be termed omnivores. It is a matter of record
that the black bear will eat almost anything, either animal or
vegetable. Nevertheless, its appetite is prodigious and demands little
variety, if but a few kind of foods are available. Its status as a
predator is somewhat confused. Technically speaking, since the black
bear preys on ground squirrels, mice and other small rodents it should
be classed as a predator. It will also take young deer and elk whenever
it can, but these opportunities come rarely. Actually this bear has
little direct influence on its mammal neighbors. As a scavenger it has
considerable value in cleaning up the remains of kills made by other
predators.
Some of the small animals eaten are in almost amusing contrast with the
huge size of their enemy. For instance, ants are eagerly lapped up by
most bears, and they will literally tear old logs apart to get at these
toothsome morsels. Grubs are another small item which may be found
around fallen logs and under stones. Bears are extremely fond of honey
and will go to great lengths to get at this delicacy, which they eat
comb, bees, and all. Another food item which seems unusual is fish. At
spawning time a bear will wade out into a stream and either snag a
passing fish on its long claws or flip it out on the bank where it is
more easily subdued. Finally, their natural animal diet is greatly
augmented in most Park Service areas by the scraps and bones which they
pick up on the garbage heaps. They can become a great nuisance in the
camping areas where, under cover of darkness, their ingenuity and great
strength enable them to steal many a ham and side of bacon.
Wide as this variety of animal food seems, it cannot equal the
cosmopolitan tastes of these bears in a vegetable diet. Roots and bulbs
of many species are dug up. Grass and browse are eaten during several
seasons of the year; even pine needles are recorded as having been
eaten. The liking of bears for berries of all kinds is well known.
_Arctostaphylos_, the generic name of the manzanitas, translated from
the Greek means “bear grape.” Pinyon nuts, acorns, chokecherries, and
other stone fruits all are gathered in season. These heavy animals often
damage trees severely in their search for fruit. On the garbage heaps,
watermelon rinds and seeds, peelings of all kinds, leafy vegetables, and
corn cobs add to the fare. All tin cans are licked clean, and in many
cases greasy paper and cellophane wrappings are eaten.
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