Mammals of Washington, Volume 2: University of Kansas Publications Museum of Natural HistoryDalquest, Walter Woelber
Science
Mammals of Washington, Volume 2: University of Kansas Publications Museum of Natural History
Dalquest, Walter Woelber
Mammals -- Washington (State)
Near Richmond Beach, Snohomish County, muskrats took up residence in a
small tidal pool along Puget Sound. The nearest fresh water stream large
enough to support a muskrat was two miles away. Two muskrats were
trapped here. Investigation of a tidal pool a mile to the north
disclosed unmistakable muskrat signs. Traps set in the culvert
connecting the pool with Puget Sound at high tide took several
specimens. Study showed that the muskrats were not living in the pool
but among the large boulders forming the breakwater for the Great
Northern Railroad, along the sound itself. They were feeding on marine
mussels (_Mytilus_). These mussels lived in the salt water of the sound,
not in the tidal pool.
At Peavine Pass, Blakely Island, in the San Juan Islands, muskrats were
living in the swift tidal current and deep, marine waters. Several were
seen in late afternoon. All were swimming parallel to the shore about 50
feet out. Here also they fed on _Mytilus_, but their homes were not
discovered. Certainly they were not living in the tidal pool at Flat
Point, a half-mile away.
In the interior of Blakely Island a colony of muskrats was discovered
living in a marsh of about one acre. In the rainy season the ground of
the marsh was covered with less than one inch of water. Residents said
that in the dry season springs kept the ground moist. Muskrats were
living in burrows whose entrances descended at a 45-degree angle and
were filled with water. The ground about some occupied burrows was dry,
the only water visible being in the burrow itself. A variety of marsh
vegetation provided food.
[Illustration: FIG. 120. Distribution of the muskrat in Washington.
A. _Ondatra zibethicus osoyoosensis._ B. _Ondatra zibethicus
occipitalis._]
Burrows of muskrats always have entrances under water. Usually they
enter a vertical bank 6 to 15 inches below water line and occasionally 3
feet below it. About half the burrows excavated near Lake Washington,
King County, had a single entrance. About 40 per cent had double or
triple entrances situated 2 to 3 feet apart and converging within a yard
to a single burrow. About 10 per cent had double burrows more than 3
feet in length. Burrows were from 5 to 8 inches in diameter. Nest
chambers were from 12 to 15 inches in diameter, spherical, and from 6 to
30 feet from the burrow entrance. The nests themselves were bulky, loose
masses of cattail leaves. Embryos found in late February and early
March numbered 4 to 8.
Because it is abundant, widely spread and easy to trap, the muskrat is
one of the most important fur bearers in the state. The fur is
relatively stable in value. In recent years the average skin has brought
the trapper slightly less than a dollar. Muskrat flesh is eaten and sold
on the market in the eastern United States but has never been popular in
Washington. The muskrat does little damage to agriculture, most
complaints arising from its burrows which interfere with irrigation
ditches.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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