Mammals of Washington, Volume 2: University of Kansas Publications Museum of Natural HistoryDalquest, Walter Woelber
Science
Mammals of Washington, Volume 2: University of Kansas Publications Museum of Natural History
Dalquest, Walter Woelber
Mammals -- Washington (State)
Vegetation used as food, either for immediate consumption or for winter
use, includes almost all grasses, vines, shrubs, and trees available
near the pika's home. The subalpine lupines are especially favored. Even
such a thorny growth as the devil's club (_Oplopanax horridum_) is
eaten. Heather (_Phyllodoce, Cassiope_) has not been found in any of the
numerous hay piles examined, even when it is the commonest plant in the
vicinity. Large bundles of plants are carried in the pika's mouth. The
forefeet do not assist in transporting the load. If intended for
immediate consumption, the plants are deposited on one of last year's
hay piles and are eaten at leisure. The eating habits of the pika are
rabbitlike. A large leaf is seized at the tip and drawn into the mouth
with rapid chewing motions without assistance from the forefeet. Plants
destined to become hay are carefully spread out and exposed to the sun.
In cloudy or rainy weather the exposed plants are gathered and stored
under large rocks, to be reëxposed for curing when the weather improves.
Large hay piles often include more than fifty pounds of perfectly cured
grasses, annuals, bushes and evergreens.
No record of embryos is available for Washington pikas, but a male with
enlarged testes was taken at Lake Keechelus, Kittitas County, on March
22, 1940. Half-grown young of _fenisex_ were taken at Sawtooth Mountain,
Skamania County, on July 13, 1939, and of _brunnescens_ at Slate Creek,
Whatcom County, on August 16, 1937. Nearly full-grown young of _fenisex_
are reported taken at Bald Mountain, head of Ashnola River, Okanogan
County, on September 16, 1920. Young _cuppes_ of several sizes were
taken at Sherman Creek Pass, Ferry County, on September 11, 1938. The
breeding season possibly extends from March to August with a tendency to
be earlier at lower elevations.
=Ochotona princeps cuppes= Bangs
_Ochotona cuppes_ Bangs, Proc. New England Zoöl. Club, 1:40, June
5, 1899.
_Ochotona princeps cuppes_ A. H. Howell, N. Amer. Fauna, 47:27,
August 21, 1924.
_Type._--Obtained by Allan Brooks at the Monashee Divide, 4,000
feet, Gold Range, British Columbia, on August 2, 1897; type in
Museum of Comparative Zoölogy.
_Racial characters._--Smallest and palest of the Washington pikas;
total length less than 8 inches; color of upper parts
grayish-yellow, grayest on posterior third of back; underparts
pale buff; skull small, but with relatively wide zygomatic and
interorbital regions.
_Measurements._--Eight males and 3 females from Round Top
Mountain, Pend Oreille County, average, respectively: total length
183.5, 181.5; hind foot 30.7, 31.0; ear 22.4, 23.7; one adult male
from the same locality weighed 141.6 grams.
_Distribution._--This pika has been found at Round Top Mountain
(W.W.D.) and Pass Creek Pass (W.W.D.) in northeastern Washington.
=Ochotona princeps fenisex= Osgood
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Mammals of Washington, Volume 2: University of Kansas Publications Museum of Natural History — John Shaqi
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