Man and the Glacial PeriodWright, G. Frederick (George Frederick)
History
Man and the Glacial Period
Wright, G. Frederick (George Frederick)
Glacial epoch; Prehistoric peoples
Naturally enough, this hypothesis of a glacial dam at Cincinnati aroused
considerable discussion, and led to some differences of opinion.
Professors I. C. White and J. P. Lesley, whose field work has made them
perfectly familiar with the upper Ohio and its tributaries, at once
supported the theory, with a great number of facts concerning certain
high-level terraces along the Alleghany and Monongahela Rivers; while
additional facts of the same character have been brought to light by
myself and others. In general, it may be said that in numerous places
terraces occur at a height so closely corresponding to that of the
supposed dam at Cincinnati, that they certainly strongly suggest direct
dependence upon it. The upward limit of these terraces in the Monongahela
River is 1,065 feet, and they are found in various places in situations
which indicate that they were formed in still water of such long standing
as would require an obstruction below of considerable permanence.
One of the most decisive cases adduced by Professor White occurs near
Morgantown, in West Virginia, of which he gives the following description:
"Owing to the considerable elevation--275 feet--of the fifth terrace
above the present river-bed in the vicinity of Morgantown, its deposits
are frequently found far inland from the Monongahela, on tributary
streams. A very extensive deposit of this kind occurs on a tributary one
mile and a half northeast of Morgantown; and the region, which includes
three or four square miles, is significantly known as the 'Flats.' The
elevation of the 'Flats' is 275 feet above the river, or 1,065 feet above
tide. The deposits on this area consist almost entirely of clays and
fine, sandy material, there being very few boulders intermingled. The
depth of the deposit is unknown, since a well sunk on the land of Mr.
Baker passed through alternate beds of clay, fine sand, and muddy trash,
to a depth of sixty-five feet without reaching bed-rock. In some portions
of the clays which make up this deposit, the leaves of our common
forest-trees are found most beautifully preserved.
"At Clarksburg, where the river unites with Elk Creek, there is a wide
stretch of terrace deposits, and the upper limit is there about 1,050
feet above tide, or only 130 feet above low-water (920 feet); while at
Weston, forty miles above (by the river), these deposits cease at seventy
feet above low water, which is there 985 feet above tide. It will thus
be observed that the upper limit of the deposits retains a practical
horizontality from Morgantown to Weston, a distance of one hundred miles,
since the upper limit has the same elevation above tide (1,045 to 1,065
feet) at every locality.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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