The Rhinoceros is now confined to Africa and southern Asia; but the remains of four species have been found in America, Europe, and northern Asia, in deposits of the Glacial period. In company with that of the mammoth, already spoken of, a carcass of the woolly rhinoceros was found in 1771 in the frozen soil of northern Siberia. The bones of other species have been found as far north as Yorkshire, England. In the valley of the Somme there was found "the whole hind limb of a rhinoceros, the bones of which were still in their true relative position. They must have been joined together by ligaments and even surrounded by muscles at the time of their interment." An entire skeleton was found near by. The gravel terrace in which these occurred is about forty feet above the floor of the valley, and must have been formed subsequent to some of the strata which contained the remains of human art. In America the bones are found in the gold-bearing gravels of California, in connection with human remains. [Illustration: Fig. 89.--Skeleton of _Rhinoceros tichorhinus_.] [Illustration: Fig. 90.--Skull of cave-bear (_Ursus spelæus_),] The Bear was represented in Europe in palæolithic times by three species, of which only one exists there at the present time. But during the Glacial period the grizzly bear, now confined to the western part of America, and the extinct cave-bear were companions, or enemies as the case may be, of man throughout Europe. The cave-bear was of large size, and his bones occur almost everywhere in the lower strata of sediment in the caves of England. The Great Irish Elk, or deer, is now extinct, though it is supposed by some to have lingered until historic times. Its remains are found widely distributed over middle Europe in deposits of palæolithic age. [Illustration: Fig. 91.--Skeleton of the Irish elk (_Cervus megaceros_).] The Horse was also, as we have seen, a very constant associate of man in middle Europe during the Palæolithic age, but probably not as a domesticated animal. The evidence is pretty conclusive that he was prized chiefly for food. About some of the caves in France such immense quantities of their bones are found that they can be accounted for best as refuse-heaps into which the useless bones had been thrown after their feasts, after the manner of the disposal of shells of shell-fish. In America the horses associated with man were probably of a species now extinct. The skull of one (_Equus excelsus_) recently found in Texas, in Pleistocene deposits, associated with human implements, is, according to Cope, intermediate in character between the horse and quagga.[DM] The frontal bone was crushed in in a manner to suggest that it had been knocked in the head with a stone hammer, such as was found in the same bed. Possibly, therefore, man's love of horse-flesh may have been an important element in securing the extinction of the species in America. [Footnote DM: American Naturalist, vol. xxv (October, 1891), p. 912.]