Pliocene elevation of Latest rise (3.000 Uplift and glaciation continent brought to feet) of the Colorado of northwestern Europe: culmination at Cañon district. Sierra maximum elevation. beginning of Nevada and other Great 2,500 feet or more Quaternary era; this Basin mountain-ranges (depth of the Skager whole basin probably formed by immense Rack); France and then uplifted 3.000 uplifts, with faulting. Britain united with the feet; excessive California river- Färöe Islands, Iceland, snow-fall and rain; courses changed; human and Greenland. Uplifts deposition of the bones and implements in of the Himalayas and "Orange Sand." Ice- the old river gravels, other mountain-ranges sheet south to lava-covered. Ice-sheet attendant on both Cincinnati and St. on British Columbia; Glacial epochs. Louis, at length local glaciers depressing the earth's southward. crust beneath it; slackened river floods and shallow lakes, forming the loess. It is seen from the diagram that the ice-accumulation culminated at a time when the land, under the pressure of the ice-load, had already commenced to subside; and that the subsidence was greatest at a time when the pressure had already begun to diminish. But the fact that the land, after the removal of the ice-load, did not return again to its former height in the Pliocene, is proof positive that there were other and more fundamental causes of crust-movement at work besides weighting and lightening. The land did not again return to its former level because the cycle of elevation, whatever its cause, which commenced in the Pliocene and culminated in the early Quaternary, had exhausted itself. If it had not been for the ice-load interfering with and modifying the natural course of the crust-movement determined previously and primarily by other and probably internal causes, the latter would probably have taken the course represented by the dotted line. It would have risen higher and culminated later, and its curve would have been of simpler form. We append a carefully prepared table by Mr. Warren Upham, showing the probable changes in altitude and climate during the Quaternary era.[DX] [Footnote DX: On page 106 and sequel I have summarised the reasons which lead me to discard the Inter-Glacial epoch, and to look upon the whole Glacial period as constituting a grand unity with minor episodes. It does not yet seem to me that the duality of the period is proved. On the contrary, Mr. Kendall's chapter on the Glacial phenomena of Great Britain strongly confirms my view.]