Spain, ancient glaciers of, 136; human relics in glacial terraces of, 264; Quaternary animals of, 280. Speeton, 140, 155, 156. Spencer, cited, 224. Spencer, N. Y., 220. Spitsbergen, 12. Spy, man of, 275, 277. St. Acheul, 263. Stag, 289. Stainmoor, England, 154, 157, 180. Stalagmite, rate of accumulation of, 352 _et seq._ Stanislaus River, Cal., 294. St. Anthony, Falls of, 340 _et seq._, 364. Steamburg, N. Y., buried channel at, 206. St. Elias, 30 _et seq._, 212. St. Lawrence River, glacial drainage of, 335, 339. St. Louis, Mo., 119, 364. St. Paul, Minn., 228. Stone on kames in Maine, 80. Straits of Dover, 360. Straits of Gibraltar, 292. Striæ, direction of, in New Hampshire, 69; in Lake Erie, 104; presence of, in Pennsylvania, 85, 119; in Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and Missouri, 119; in Stuttgart, 279. Subglacial streams, 23, 29, 120. Submerged channels on the coasts of America, 194-198. Submergence theory, 60-63, 70. Subsidence of the Isthmus of Panama, 113, 318; in Mississippi Valley, 93, 113, 120, 121; on east coast of North America, 255 _et seq._; about the Great Lakes, 224, 339; in Great Britain, 167-181. Susquehanna River, glacial drainage of, 93, 232, 257. Svartisen Glacier, 13. Svenonius, Dr., 12. Sweden, 81. Switzerland, existing glaciers of, 9-11; ancient glaciers of, 131-136; lake-dwellings in, 281. Table Mountain, Cal., 294 _et seq._, 300. Table of changes during the Glacial epochs, 324, 325. Tagus, valley of the, 367, 371 _et seq._ Tait, cited, 362. Tardy, cited, 370. Tasman Glacier, 16. Teesdale, England, 155, 157. Terminal moraines, formation of, 6; in Pennsylvania, 61, 62, 85 _et seq._; on the southern coast of New England, 66 _et seq._; in Ohio, 106; in Puget Sound, 122; in Tyghee Pass, 122; in Italy, 135. Terminal moraines of the second Glacial epoch, 93, 100, 101, 106. Terraces. (See Glacial Terraces.) Tertiary animals, 286. Tertiary man, 365-374. Tertiary period, climate of, 113, 117, 182, 305, 307. Teton Mountains, 123. Texas, Pleistocene animals of, 288. Thames, England, 138, 264, 285. Thenay, France, supposed Tertiary man in, 367, 371; view of flint-flakes collected at, 368. Thompson, 50. Thomson, cited, 362. Till, description of, 53; composition of, in Massachusetts, 81 _et seq._; section of, in Ohio, 108; depth of, in Germany, Scandinavia, and Russia, 182. Tinière River, 354. Titusville, Pa., 232. Todd, on forest beds and old soils,110 _et seq._; cited, 228. Torquay, England, 267. Trade-winds of the Atlantic, 314, 318. Tremeirchon, Wales, 271. Trenton, N. J., 87, 232, 242 _et seq._, 254, 257; view of implement found at, 247. Trenton gravel, section of the, 246. Trent, valley of the, 163, 164. Trimmer, quoted, 148. Trimingham, England, 162. Trogen, Switzerland, 60. Trons, Switzerland, 60.