[157] _Sierra Leone after a Hundred Years_, p. 280. [158] Mary H. Kingsley, _Travels in West Africa_, 1899, pp. 54-5. [159] Since the establishment of British authority in Nigeria (1900 to 1907) much light has been thrown on ethnological problems. See among other works C. Partridge, _The Cross River Natives_, 1905; A. G. Leonard, _The Lower Niger and its Tribes_, 1906; A. J. N. Tremearne, _The Niger and the Western Sudan_, 1910, _The Tailed Head-Hunters of Nigeria_, 1912; R. E. Dennett, _Nigerian Studies_, 1910; E. D. Morel, _Nigeria, its People and its Problems_, 1911, besides the _Anthropological Reports_ of N. W. Thomas, 1910, 1913, and papers by J. Parkinson in _Journ. Roy. Anthr. Inst._ XXXVI. 1906, XXXVII. 1907. [160] The services rendered to African anthropology by this distinguished officer call for the fullest recognition, all the more that somewhat free and unacknowledged use has been made of the rich materials brought together in his classical works on _The Tshi-speaking Peoples_ (1887), _The Ewe-speaking Peoples_ (1890), and _The Yoruba-speaking Peoples_ (1894). [161] N. W. Thomas classifies Yoruba, Edo, Ibo and Efik as four main stocks in the Western Sudanic language group. "In the Edo and Ibo stocks people only a few miles apart may not be able to communicate owing to diversity of language" (p. 141). _Anthropological Report of the Ibo-speaking Peoples of Nigeria_, Part 1. 1913. [162] _The Tshi-speaking Peoples_, p. 332 sq. [163] _Feitico_, whence also _feiticeira_, a witch, _feiticeria_, sorcery, etc., all from _feitico_, artificial, handmade, from Lat. _facio_ and _factitius_. [164] _Du Culte des Dieux Fetiches_, 1760. It is generally supposed that the word was invented, or at least first introduced, by De Brosses; but Ellis shows that this also is a mistake, as it had already been used by Bosman in his _Description of Guinea_, London, 1705. [165] _The Tshi-speaking Peoples_, Ch. XII. p. 194 and _passim._ See also R. H. Nassau, _Fetichism in West Africa_, 1904. [166] That is, from a wax mould destroyed in the casting. After the operation details were often filled in by chasing or executed in _repousse_ work. [167] "Works of Art from Benin City," _Journ. Anthr. Inst._ February, 1898, p. 362 sq. See H. Ling Roth, _Great Benin, its Customs_, etc., 1903. [168] A. Featherman, _Social History of Mankind_, The Nigritians, p. 281. See also Reclus, French ed., Vol. XII. p. 718: "Les cavaliers portent encore la cuirasse comme au moyen age.... Les chevaux sont recouverts de la meme maniere." In the mythical traditions of Buganda also there is reference to the fierce Wakedi warriors clad in "iron armour" (Ch. IV.). Cf. L. Frobenius, _The Voice of Africa_, II. 1913, pl. p. 608. [169] _Du Niger au Golfe de Guinee_, 1892, I. p. 377.