[145] "Chaque fois que j'ai demande avec intention a un Mande, 'Es-tu Peul, Mossi, Dafina?' il me repondait invariablement, '_Je suis Mande_.' C'est pourquoi, dans le cours de ma relation, j'ai toujours designe ce peuple par le nom de _Mande_, qui est son vrai nom." (L. G. Binger, _Du Niger au Golfe de Guinee_, 1892, Vol. II. p. 373.) At p. 375 this authority gives the following subdivisions of the Mande family, named from their respective _tenne_ (idol, fetish, totem): 1. _Bamba_, the crocodile: _Bammana_, not _Bambara_, which means kafir or infidel, and is applied only to the non-Moslem Mande groups. 2. _Mali_, the hippopotamus: _Mali'nke_, including the Kagoros and the Tagwas. 3. _Sama_, the elephant: _Sama'nke_. 4. _Sa_, the snake: _Sa-mokho_. Of each there are several sub-groups, while the surrounding peoples call them all collectively _Wakore_, _Wangara_, _Sakhersi_, and especially _Diula_. Attention to this point will save the reader much confusion in consulting Barth, Caillie, and other early books of travel. [146] _Travels_, Vol. IV. p. 579 sqq. [147] "La chaine des Montagnes de Kong n'a jamais existe que dans l'imagination de quelques voyageurs mal renseignes," _Du Niger au Golfe de Guinee_, 1892, I. p. 285. [148] Bertrand-Bocande, "Sur les Floups ou Feloups," in _Bul. Soc. de Geogr_. 1849. [149] A full account of this literature will be found in the Rev. C. F. Schlenker's valuable work, _A Collection of Temne Traditions, Fables and Proverbs_, London, 1861. Here is given the curious explanation of the tribal name, from _o-tem_, an old man, and _ne_, himself, because, as they say, the Temne people will exist for ever. [150] There is also a sisterhood--the _bondo_--and the two societies work so far in harmony that any person expelled from the one is also excluded from the other. [151] Reclus, Keane's English ed., XII. p. 203. [152] "Da Njoe Testament, translated into the Negro-English Language by the Missionaries of the Unitas Fratrum," Brit. and For. Bible Soc., London, 1829. Here is a specimen quoted by Ellis from _The Artisan_ of Sierra Leone, Aug. 4, 1886, "Those who live in ceiled houses love to hear the pit-pat of the rain overhead; whilst those whose houses leak are the subjects of restlessness and anxiety, not to mention the chances of catching cold, _that is so frequent a source of leaky roofs_." [153] Right Rev. E. G. Ingham (Bishop of Sierra Leone), _Sierra Leone after a Hundred Years_, London, 1894, p. 294. Cf. H. C. Lukach, _A Bibliography of Sierra Leone_, 1911, and T. J. Alldridge, _A Transformed Colony_, 1910. [154] This increase, however, appears to be due to a steady immigration from the Southern States, but for which the Liberians proper would die out, or become absorbed in the surrounding native populations. [155] H. H. Johnston, _Liberia_, 1906. [156] Possibly the English word "crew," but more probably an extension of _Kraoh_, the name of a tribe near Settra-kru, to the whole group.