Manners and Monuments of Prehistoric PeoplesNadaillac, Jean-François-Albert du Pouget, marquis de
History
Manners and Monuments of Prehistoric Peoples
Nadaillac, Jean-François-Albert du Pouget, marquis de
Archaeology; Prehistoric peoples
In France, dolmens with openings are so numerous that it is difficult
to make a selection. That known as La Justice, near Beaumont-sur-Oise,
consists of a small vestibule and a very long mortuary chamber,
separated by a slab pierced with a round opening. We must also mention
the megalithic monument of Villers-Saint-Sépulchre at Trie (Oise) (Fig.
70), that of Grand-Mont, with many of those of Morbihan, of which that
of Kerlescant has an oval opening; the covered avenue of
Conflans-Sainte-Honorine, originally erected at the confluence of the
Seine and Oise, and now set up exactly as it was found at Saint
Germain, has an oval opening, and presents the exceptional feature, of
which I know no other instance, of having a stone for closing the
opening if necessary; the covered avenue of Bellehaye in Normandy,
reproduced with precision at the Paris Exhibition of 1889, which was
closed by a transverse stone with an opening some inches in diameter.
Of English examples we may mention the dolmens of Rodmarten and
Avening; Mérimée quotes several megalithic monuments in Wiltshire; and
Sir J. Simpson, the well-known and oft-described _Kit’s Cotty House_,
which is nothing more than a dolmen with an opening. _Holed Stones_, as
they are called, are numerous in Cornwall, the size of the opening
varying considerably; that at Men-an-Tol, for instance, is more than a
foot in diameter, whilst others are but a few inches long. At Orry’s
Grave, in the Isle of Man, two large stones are so placed as to leave a
circular space between them, which was evidently intended to serve the
same purpose, or at least was in accordance with the same superstition,
as were similar characteristics elsewhere. Setting aside the
interminable legends connected with dolmens having openings, there is
no doubt that this peculiarity of structure, which we meet with in
India as in Scandinavia, in the Caucasus as in France, shows that the
builders of all of them were impelled by a similar idea. These openings
are too small to allow of the introduction of other corpses, or to
afford to the living a refuge in the home of the dead; they could but
have served for the passing in of food, of which a supply was so often
left for the departed; or yet another interpretation is possible: they
may have been left for the soul or the spirit to leave its earthly
prison and take flight for those happy regions in which all races more
or less believe, and to which belief these openings may be witnessed to
the present day. M. Cartailhac, however, hazards yet another
explanation, and suggests that the megalithic monuments were intended
for the interment of whole families, and that the bodies were not
introduced into the tombs until all the flesh was gone, when the
skeletons might have been slipped through the openings left for that
purpose. The repeated disturbances of the remains in the graves have
unfortunately often entirely dispersed all the human bones.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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