17 Memoranda read to the Royal Society of Antiquaries in London (_Archæologia_, vol. xlii., pp. 27–76). Lane Fox: _British Association_, Bristol, 1875. Evans: “Stone Age.” 18 “Solent et subterraneos specus aperire, eosque multo insuper fimo onerant, suffugium hiemi et receptaculum frugibus” (“De Moribus Germanorum,” chap. xvi.). 19 _American Journal of Archæology_. 20 _Zeitschrift für Anthropologie_, 1874, p. 115; 1875, p. 127. 21 Zaborowski: “Monuments Préhistoriques de la Basse Vistule.” 22 Ribeiro: “Notice sur Quelques Monuments Préhistoriques du Portugal,” Lisbon, 1878. 23 “Noticia de Algunas Estarves e Monumentos Prehistoricos.” 24 H. and L. Siret: “Les Premiers Âges du Métal dans le Sud-est de l’Espagne.” 25 _Congrès Préhistorique de Copenhague_, p. 118. 26 Putnam: “Report Peabody Museum,” vol. iii., p. 348. 27 “Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi Valley.” 28 See Dr. Hibbert in the _Transactions of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland_, vol. iv., Appendix, p. 181. 29 _Zeitschrift für Ethnographie_, 1870, p. 270. 30 Pomerol: “Murailles Vitrifiées de Châteauneuf,” _Ass. Franç_., Blois, 1884. 31 _Congrès Soc. Sav_., Sorbonne, 1882. 32 J. Marion: _Bul. des Soc. Savantes_, 4th series, vol. iv. Daubrée: _Rev. Arch_., July, 1881. 33 Sir J. Lubbock compares the ruins of Aztalan, in America, with the vitrified forts of Scotland; but we think this is a mistake, for the walls of Aztalan consisted of irregularly shaped masses of hard, reddish clay, full of hollows, retaining the impression of the straw or dried grass with which the clay was mixed before it was subjected to the action of heat, whether the application of that heat was intentional or accidental. There is nothing about this at all resembling the melted granite of the vitrified forts. 34 De Cassac: “Notes sur les Forts Vitrifiés de la Creuse.” Thuot: “La Forteresse Vitrifiée du Pay de Gaudy,” p. 102. 35 We take most of these details from a note by M. A. de Montaiglon published in the _Bulletin des Sociétés Savantes_. 36 _Mat_., 1881, p. 371. 37 _Bul. Soc. Anth_., 1884, p. 816, etc. 38 Fouqué, _Nature_, 1876, second week, p. 65. 39 Book vi., chap. xvi. and xx.—Pliny the Elder, uncle and father by adoption of Pliny the Younger, lost his life in this catastrophe, which took place in 79 A. D. 40 Cigalla: _Acad. des Sciences_, November 12, 1866. Fouqué: _Acad. des Sciences_, March 25, 1867. “Un Pompéi Préhistorique,” _Revue des Deux-Mondes_, October 15, 1869. 41 Schliemann: “Troy and its Remains,” translated by Philip Smith, London, Murray, 1875; “Ilios Ville et Pays des Troyens,” translated by Mme. E. Egger, Paris, Hachette, 1885; E. Burnouf: _Revue des Deux-Mondes_, January 1, 1874; Virchow: “Alt Trojanische Gräber and Schädel.” 42 Iliad, canto v., v., 692.