52 The _phallus_ was, as we have already stated, the symbol of generative force. Its worship extended throughout India and Syria; a gigantic Phallus adorned the temple of the mother of the gods at Hierapolis, and it was carried in triumph in processions through Egypt and Greece. It is still worshipped in some places at the present day. Near Niombo, in Africa, there is a temple containing several phallic statues; at Stanley-Pool the fête of the _phallus_ is celebrated with obscene rites. The Kroomen observe similar ceremonies at the time of the new moon, and in Japan on certain fête clays young girls flourish gigantic _phalli_ at the end of long poles. The _phallus_ is also often represented on the monuments of Central America—on the stones of the temples of Izamal and the island of Zapatero, for instance. Possibly the worship of the productive and generative forces of nature was the earliest religion of many primitive peoples, but all that is said on the subject must be sifted with considerable care. 53 Similar hatchets of pure copper (Fig. 2) have been found in Hungary, and Butler (“Prehistoric Wisconsin”) speaks of them also as being found in North America. 54 The tin used is making bronze probably came from Spain or Cornwall, perhaps also from the Caucasus, where small quantities of it are still found. It was doubtless imported by the Phœnicians, the great navigators of antiquity. See Rudolf Virchow’s “Das Grüberfeld Von Koban im Laude der Osseten,” Berlin, 1883. 55 This idea gains probability from the fact that the remains of a key were picked up near the treasure, which we have reason to suppose belonged to Priam. 56 The gold may have come from the mines of Astyra, not far from Troy. 57 Electrum was the ancient name for amber, but was also given to an alloy of gold and silver, the yellow color of which resembles that of amber. 58 Dr. Schliemann gives a very careful description of all these objects. See “Troy and its Remains,” Figs. 174 to 497, pp. 260 to 353. 59 The χρήδεμνον or diadem of the wife of Menelaus is a narrow fillet from which hang several little chains formed of links alternating with small leaves, and ending in rather larger leaves, these leaves all representing the woman with the owl’s head, so characteristic of Trojan art. The golden objects are all soldered with the same metals, which modern goldsmiths seem unable to do. At Tiryns, which we believe to have been contemporary with Troy, the art of soldering was unknown, and ornaments were merely screwed together. 60 Bastian, _Zeitschrift der Berliner Gesellschaft für Erdkünde_, vol. xiii., plates 1 and 2. 61 If we accept 1200 B.C. as the date of the Trojan war and the eighth century as that of the foundation of Ilium, the towns that succeeded each other on the hill of Hissarlik only lasted four centuries altogether. 62 In the Vedas the word _swasti_ is often used in the sense of happiness or good-fortune.