Manners and Monuments of Prehistoric PeoplesNadaillac, Jean-François-Albert du Pouget, marquis de
History
Manners and Monuments of Prehistoric Peoples
Nadaillac, Jean-François-Albert du Pouget, marquis de
Archaeology; Prehistoric peoples
At Blendowo in Poland, beneath a cromlech was found an urn filled with
calcined bones, and thirty centimetres lower down a skeleton was
discovered buried in the sand. Near this body was found a coin of
Theodosius, and we wonder in vain whether both the individuals, whose
remains are thus within a common tomb, lived at the same time.
Throughout Prussia and in the Grand Duchy of Posen skeletons and jars
containing human ashes are met with in the same tombs.37 We must not
forget to note, especially, the necropolis of Hallstadt, which was
situated in the heart of the district of Bohemia occupied by the Boii.
The most ancient of the tombs in these vast burial-places date from
about two thousand years before the Christian era, and the Hallstadtian
period, as it is sometimes called, culminated during the first half of
the millennium immediately before the coming of Christ.38 Nine hundred
and ninety-three tombs have been excavated; all, to judge by the
objects found with the human remains, belonging to the Bronze age; of
these five hundred and twenty-seven contained buried bodies, and four
hundred and fifty-three cremated relics.39 This is a larger proportion
than in the primitive necropoles of Italy.
In the tombs in which burial was practised, the bodies were laid in the
trench without covering, and the remains of anything in the way of
slabs or coffins or protecting planks are very rare; in those tombs in
which cremation had been the rule, ustion had often been very
incomplete, sometimes the head and sometimes the feet having escaped
the flames.
Similar facts are noted at Watsch, at San Margarethen, and at Vermo in
Styria, at Rovesche in Southern Carniola, and at Rosegg in the valley
of the Drave. At Watsch, but ten skeletons were found, among two
hundred examples of incineration. In the cremation sepulchres, if we
may so call them, the cinerary urn was protected by large slabs; while
in those where burial was practised, the bodies were simply confided to
the earth as at Hallstadt; but by a singular contrast, the latter tombs
contained much more important relics, the objects with the dead being
more valuable and of finer workmanship. At Rovesche, the urn was placed
in a square chest made of unhewn stones. The buried bodies lay with the
head turned toward the east, an urn was placed at their feet, and their
shrouds were kept in place by bronze fibulæ, while on the fingers were
many rings of the same metal.
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