=263. Anglo-American Code.=--While the study of the above codes and elucidations is a necessary preliminary to the best cataloguing work, they all lead up in general to the Anglo-American cataloguing code, which made its first appearance in 1908,[10] and at the time of writing (May 1919) is again under revision. It is a useful and happy example of co-operation between the two principal library societies of the world, and may be said to have laid the foundations of all future cataloguing method. It consists of definitions; 174 substantive rules, with variations where the two countries could not agree, and where some recognized authority such as the Library of Congress differed from the rule recommended; and appendices on abbreviations, transliteration, and sample catalogue cards illustrating the rules. A digest and criticism of these rules, which are too many to be copied here, will be found in Brown’s _Library Classification and Cataloguing_, and will serve to show the skeleton of the entries they provide, and will be serviceable to the student who reads it in connexion with the Code itself. The main feature of the Code is fulness of entry, involving various repetitions in places; for example, the author’s name, which is used as the heading, is also repeated in the title. [10] _Cataloguing Rules: Author and Title Entries._ Compiled by Committees of the American Library Association and the Library Association. English edition, 1908. (Out of print, 1919.) LECKY, WILLIAM EDWARD HARTPOLE. The American Revolution, 1763-83; being the chapters and passages relating to America from the author’s _History of England in the Eighteenth Century_, by William Edward Hartpole Lecky. . . . Arranged and edited, with historical and bibliographical notes, by James Albert Woodburn. . . . Added entry: Woodburn, James Albert. The example will give an idea of the general treatment of a book and of the use of punctuation. The three dots have a “separating” purpose merely. Rules that differ from some in fairly general use are: 23, which prescribes that authors shall be entered in full and in their vernacular form with certain exceptions; 25, which enters compound names under the first part of the name and refers from the other part,--thus: Burne-Jones, Sir Edward, _not_ Jones, Sir Edward Burne-; and in particular 33, which enters a nobleman under his family name and refers from his titles,--thus: THOMSON, WILLIAM, _1st baron Kelvin_; LUBBOCK, JOHN, _1st Lord Avebury_. Authors who have changed their names are entered under the earliest form, but the later name is added to the entry,--thus: SMITH, HANNAH, _afterwards_ Hesba Stretton; and married women are treated similarly. Pseudonymous authors are entered under their real names when they are known, with references from the assumed names.