[Footnote HZ: Senate Report no. I, 59th Cong., 1st sess. This bill is Senate no. 529.] [Footnote IA: Senate Report no. 10, 59th Cong., 1st sess.] [Footnote IB: Cong. Record, vol. 40, part I, 59th Cong., 2d sess.] [Footnote IC: House Report no. 6442, 59th Cong., 2d sess.] [Footnote ID: House Doc. no. 4638, 59th Cong., 2d sess.] [Footnote IE: Cong. Record, vol. 41, part 5, 59th Cong., 2d sess., p. 4378.] [Footnote IF: Cong. Record, 59th Cong., 2d sess., p. 4688.] [Footnote IG: Same, p. 4653.] [Footnote IH: Senate Report no. 168, 60th Cong., 1st sess.] [Footnote II: Senate bill no. 28, 60th Cong., 1st sess.] [Footnote IJ: Cong. Record, 65th Cong., p. 3743.] [Footnote IK: House bill no. 22301, 60th Cong., 1st sess.] [Footnote IL: Senate bill no. 6708, 60th Cong., 2d Sess.] [Footnote IM: Senate Report no. 354, same.] CHAPTER XIV SUMMARY Ship subsidies, open or concealed, are now granted by nearly every maritime nation. Whatever may be the designation of these Government grants,--whether mail subsidies, naval subventions, retaining fees for possible naval service, construction bounties, navigation bounties, trade bounties, Government loans, Government partnerships, tariff advantages, canal refunds,--whatever may be their form, all are distinctly Government aids, direct or indirect, the primary object of which is the development and expansion of the merchant marine of each nation granting them; and generally, if not universally, the upbuilding of this marine for service in time of need as an auxiliary to the national navy. Summarized, the various grants of the various nations thus appear: _Great Britain_ grants mail subsidies, and admiralty subventions; her colonies, steamship subsidies. _France_: mail subsidies; construction and navigation bounties; fisheries bounties. _Germany_: mail subsidies; steamship subsidies; preferential rates on the State railroads for shipbuilding materials. _Belgium_: premiums to certain steamship lines; pilotage refunds. _Austria-Hungary_: mail subsidies; construction and navigation bounties; Suez Canal refunds. Hungary; bounties to Hungarian ships. _Italy_: mail subsidies; construction and navigation bounties. _Spain_: mail subsidies; construction and navigation bounties. _Portugal_: mail subventions to steamship companies. _Denmark_: trade subsidies; exemptions from harbor dues. _Sweden_: State contributions--loans to steamship companies. _Norway_: State contributions; trade subsidies. _Russia_: mail subsidies; mileage subsidies; Government loans; steamship subsidies; Suez Canal refunds. _Japan_: State aid to steamship companies; mail subsidies; construction and navigation bounties; fisheries bounties. _China_: State aid to steamship companies; subsidies to ship-yards. _South America_: Brazil and Argentina, subsidies to foreign steamship companies. _United States_: mail subsidies to seven steamship lines.