This condition is most frequently met with in a first-born child--and more often in boys than in girls--the labour having been prolonged and difficult, and the presentation abnormal. There is usually a history that the infant was deeply cyanosed when born, and that there was difficulty in getting it to breathe. As a rule, there is no external evidence of trauma. The anterior fontanelle is tense and does not pulsate, the pulse is slow, and for several days the child appears to have difficulty in sucking and swallowing, and is abnormally still. In the course of a few days definite symptoms of localised pressure appear. It is noticed that one leg or arm, or one side of the body is not moved, or both sides may be affected; when the paralysis is bilateral, the absence of movement is more liable to be overlooked. The infant may suffer from convulsions; there may be paralysis of certain of the ocular muscles, and inequality of the pupils; sometimes there is blindness. Persistent rigidity of the limbs, with turning of the thumbs towards the palm, is present in some cases. Lumbar puncture may reveal the presence of blood corpuscles in the cerebro-spinal fluid, and increase in the tension of the fluid. If untreated, the condition is usually followed by the development of spastic paralysis of one or more limbs, on one or on both sides of the body (Little's disease), by blindness, deafness, and varying degrees of mental deficiency, or by Jacksonian epilepsy. _Treatment._--To obviate these after-effects the clot may be removed by raising an osteo-plastic flap, including nearly the whole of the parietal bone. The operation should be undertaken within the first week or two, and great care must be taken to keep up the body-warmth, and to prevent undue loss of blood. It may be necessary to operate on both sides, an interval being allowed to elapse between the two operations. For the immediate relief of increased intra-cranial tension, the daily withdrawal of 10-12 c.c. of cerebro-spinal fluid by lumbar punctures may be employed, or a sub-temporal decompression operation may be performed. WOUNDS OF THE BRAIN #Wounds of the Brain.#--_Incised_ wounds of the brain usually result from sabre-cuts, hatchet blows, or circular saws. A portion of the scalp and cranium may be raised along with a slice of brain matter, and in some cases the whole flap is severed. The extent of the injury, the conditions under which it is received, and the liability to infection, render such wounds extremely dangerous.