Fruit maturing at the end of the second season (except 22); shell of the nut silky tomentose on the inner surface; leaves or their lobes bristle-tipped. Black Oaks. Stamens usually 4—6; styles elongated, finally recurved; abortive ovules apical. Leaves deciduous in their first autumn or winter. Leaves pinnately lobed, convolute in the bud. Leaves green on both surfaces. Scales of the cup of the fruit closely appressed. Leaves usually dull on the upper surface, 7—11-lobed; cup of the fruit cup-shaped or in one variety broad and saucer-shaped, its scales thin. 1. Q. borealis (A). Leaves lustrous. Leaves dimorphous, 5—7-lobed, axillary clusters of hairs large and prominent; cup of the fruit saucer-shaped or in one form deep cup-shaped. 2. Q. Shumardii (A, C). Leaves similar on upper and lower branches. Cup of the fruit turbinate or deep cup-shaped. Leaves 5-lobed, the lobes usually entire, rarely furnished with tufts of axillary hairs below. 3. Q. texana (C). Leaves 5—7-lobed, the lobes dentate, furnished with tufts of axillary hairs below. 4. Q. ellipsoidalis (A). Cup of the fruit deep cup-shaped to turbinate; leaves 5—9-lobed, the lobes toothed. 5. Q. coccinea (A, C). Cup of the fruit saucer-shaped. Leaves 5—9-lobed. 6. Q. palustris (A, C). Leaves 3—5-lobed. 7. Q. georgiana (C). Scales of the cup of the fruit more or less loosely imbricated, forming a free margin on its rim. Leaves usually 7-lobed. Winter-buds tomentose. 8. Q. velutina (A, C). Winter-buds pubescent only at apex. 9. Q. Kelloggii (G). Leaves usually 3—5-lobed; winter-buds rusty pubescent. 10. Q. Catesbæi (C). Leaves whitish or grayish tomentulose below. Leaves mostly acutely 5-lobed, pale or silvery white below. 11. Q. ilicifolia (A). Leaves often dimorphous, 3—11-lobed, the lobes often falcate. 12. Q. rubra (A, C).