Distribution. Dry sandy or clay barrens; Long Island and Staten Island, New York, eastern and southern Pennsylvania, and southern New Jersey to the shores of Matanzas Inlet and Tampa Bay, Florida, and westward through the Gulf states to western Texas (Callahan County) and to western Oklahoma (Dewey and Kiowa Counties), Arkansas, eastern Kansas, southeastern Nebraska and through Missouri to northeastern Illinois, southwestern and southern Indiana, and northeastern Kentucky (South Portsmouth, Greenup County, _R. E. Horsey_); rare in the north, very abundant southward; west of the Mississippi River often forming on sterile soils a great part of the forest growth; of its largest size in southern Arkansas and eastern Texas. × _Quercus Rudkinii_ Britt., with characters intermediate between those of _Quercus marilandica_ and _Q. Phellos_, and probably a hybrid of these species, has been found near Tottenville, Staten Island, New York, at Keyport, Monmouth County, New Jersey, and at the Falls of the Yadkin River, Stanley County, North Carolina. × _Quercus sterilis_ Trel., believed to be a hybrid of _Quercus marilandica_ and _Q. nigra_ has been found in Bladen County, North Carolina. × _Quercus Hastingsii_ Sarg., believed to be a hybrid of _Quercus marilandica_ and _Q. texana_, occurs near Boerne, Kendall County, and at Brownwood, Brown County, Texas. × _Quercus Bushii_ Sarg., believed to be a hybrid of _Quercus marilandica_ and _Q. velutina_, although not common, occurs in eastern Oklahoma (Sapulpa, Creek County), Mississippi (Oxford, Lafayette County), Alabama (Dothan, Houston County, near Berlin, Dallas County, and Daphne, Baldwin County), Florida (Sumner, Levey County), and in Georgia (Climax, Decatur County). 14. Quercus arkansana Sarg. [Illustration: Fig. 237]