TREATMENT.—Give the A.A., alternately with J.K., a dose of three to five drops, according to the size of the dog, every three or four hours, as the urgency of the case may demand. Old cases of liver complaint simply require a dose of J.K., morning and night. Foreign Bodies in the Esophagus—Choking A dog sometimes swallows a bone or piece of gristle, which sticks in his throat. He begins to cough, is restless, cannot swallow, puts his paw to the side of his head as if to pull something away; the eyes are red and prominent; mucus escapes from the mouth and nose. TREATMENT.—The mouth should be opened as wide as possible, and warm water poured in till the dog vomits, when the intruder may come away; or it may be removed with a forceps. But if removal in this direction be impracticable, an attempt may be made to push the foreign body into the stomach with a piece of whalebone, cane or willow, protected at the end with a piece of sponge dipped in oil. If this fails, it will be necessary to open the esophagus. If this tube has been injured, two or three drops of arnica should be given in water, twice a day. For several days, milk or soup diet only should be given. CHAPTER VI.—PART IV. DISEASES OF THE URINARY AND GENERATIVE SYSTEMS Nephritis DEFINITION.—Inflammation of the kidneys sometimes ending in an alteration of the secretions. It is not a very common disease, but when it occurs it is very dangerous. CAUSES.—Exposure to cold and wet; seasoned food; over-exertion; strains; injuries; the presence of calculus; the administration of cantharides and turpentine in excessive doses, or as a result of infectious diseases. SYMPTOMS.—Tenderness of the loins; stiffness of the hind legs, which are carried wide apart when moving; hot and dry mouth and nose; great thirst; frequent turning of the head toward the flanks; the urine is passed in small quantities, with straining, highly-colored, like blood, or thick and glairy; bound bowels; feces hard and dry; sometimes vomiting; the appetite is lost; there is disinclination to move, and when the dog is obliged to stir the back is arched. TREATMENT.—Give H.H., from one to three drops, according to the size of the dog, once in three hours at first, and then at longer intervals as the animal improves. A.A. may be sometimes called for as an intercurrent remedy, or to give between doses of the H.H. ACCESSORY MEANS.—Cloths wrung out of hot water and laid across the loins will be beneficial; nothing but milk must be given for several days. Inflammation of the Bladder, Cystitis This disease, which is a very dangerous and painful one, may be caused by stones in the bladder, injuries, fall upon the bladder when it is full of water, or similar accidents. As a result of infectious diseases, or diseases of the kidneys, also too long retention of urine in the bladder (dogs kept in the house too long).