SYMPTOMS.—For conveniences sake, we will indicate the symptoms of these two branches of the disease separately. Pleurisy invariably commences with shaking all over, followed by a hot, dry mouth, white coated tongue, red nose and eyes, low spirits, want of appetite, anxious look, and hard, quick, wiry pulse. The act of drawing the air _into the lungs_ is short, and stops, or is cut off at a certain point, at which time the pain is felt; the act of forcing the air _from the lungs_ is full and slow. The pain is increased by coughing and taking full breath which the horse will do if suddenly moved or frightened. If the inflamed side is pressed upon, he gives forth a sound like a grunt; the cough is short; the horse remains standing; the skin on the inflamed side is thrown into folds, and twitches are occasionally seen at the same place. The painfulness of the spaces between the ribs when pressed upon, is quite characteristic, and often exists to an intense degree. The horse shrinks from it with a low grunt, and tries to get away. The skin about the sides of the nostrils and at the ends of the mouth is wrinkled. The neck is lengthened, and nose thrust forward; the horse stands in a crouching manner, and seems uneasy, but does not move. As the disease advances, the pulse becomes more frequent, and afterwards smaller, until it can scarcely be felt; the breathing becomes quicker and more painful and catching, when the air is drawn into the lungs. Then by degrees, no catch is seen or grunt heard, the twitches are not observed, cold, clammy sweats break out over the body, the horse appears dull and stupid, and death closes the scene. The pleura, like all serous membranes, has a strong tendency to effusion, or exudation of fluid, during an inflammatory action, and in the course of the disease, this effusion, consisting of yellowish serum, is exuded, in quantities varying from a few ounces to a bucket full. It occurs in all severe cases, and the fluid either is again absorbed, if in small quantity, or is the immediate cause of death, if in very large quantity, or a lesser amount may remain for a long time, impeding respiration, and forming an empyema or dropsy of the chest. When it exists, the breathing is always labored, and there is _œdema_ or tumid swelling of some external part, generally the abdomen, chest, or point of the breast. By listening with the ear against the chest, the progress of the effusion may be traced from below upward. Above it will be heard the loud crackling respiration and grating peculiar to the disease; below, the dullness and stillness of the lung enveloped in fluid, the absence of sound, marks the line of the accumulated fluid, its increase and diminution.