Inventions; Science; Technology -- Social aspects; Technology and civilization
It is only within the past few years that photography has been applied
to astronomical development. In this connection, more accurate results
are obtained by measuring the photographs of stellar spectra than by
measuring the spectra themselves. Photography with modern rapid plates
gives us, with a given telescope, pictures of objects so faint that
no visual telescope of the same size will reveal them. It is in this
way that many of the invisible stars have impressed themselves upon
exposed plates and given us a vague idea of the immensity in number
of those stars which we cannot view with eye or instrument.
Though we have made great advancement, there are many problems yet
even in regard to our own little system of sun worlds which clamor
loudly for solution. The sun himself represents a crowd of pending
problems. His peculiar mode of rotation; the level of sunspots; the
constitution of the photospheric cloud-shell, its relation to faculae
which rise from it, and to the surmounting vaporous strata; the nature
of the prominences; the alternations of coronal types; the affinities
of the zodiacal light--all await investigation.
A great telescope has recently shown that one star in eighteen on the
average is a visual double--is composed of two suns in slow revolution
around their common center of mass. The spectroscope using the
photographic plate, has established within the last decade that one
star in every five or six on the average is attended by a companion
so near to it as to remain invisible in the most powerful telescopes,
and so massive as to swing the visible star around in an elliptic
orbit.
The photography of comets, nebulae and solar coronas has made the study
of these phenomena incomparably more effective than the old visual
methods. There is no longer any necessity to make "drawings" of them.
The old dread of comets has been relegated into the shade of ignorance.
The long switching tails regarded so ominously and from which were
anticipated such dire calamities as the destruction of worlds into
chaos have been proven to be composed of gaseous vapors of no more
solidity than the "airy nothingness of dreams."
The earth in the circle of its orbit passed through the tail of Halley's
comet in May, 1910, and we hadn't even a pyrotechnical display of fire
rockets to celebrate the occasion. In fact there was not a single
celestial indication of the passage and we would not have known only
for the calculations of the astronomer. The passing of a comet now,
as far as fear is concerned, means no more, in fact not as much, as
the passing of an automobile.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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