The movement of _eversion_, or coming out, is chiefly produced by the
contraction of the endocyst; while the _inversion_, or getting in again,
is performed by the long muscles, which, when the animal is extended,
are seen attached to it like ropes. Upon these muscles Professor Allman
remarks that they are "especially interesting in a physiological point
of view, as they seem to present us with an example of true muscular
tissue, reduced to its simplest and essential form. A muscle may here
be viewed as a beautiful dissection far surpassing the most refined
preparation of the dissecting needle, for it is composed of a bundle of
elementary fibres, totally separate from one another through their
entire course." He further adds, "The fibres of the great retractor
muscle are distinctly marked by transverse striæ;--a condition, however,
which is not at all times equally perceptible, and some of our best
observers have denied to the Polyzoon the existence of striated fibre."
We can confirm the fact of this sort of fibre being present, but we
fancy a reader not versed in the mysteries of physiology exclaiming,
'What does it matter whether his fibres are striped or not?'
Physiologists used to suppose there was a strong and marked distinction
and separation between _striped_ muscles, that is, muscles the fibres of
which exhibit transverse stripes when magnified, and those which do not.
Kölliker, however, says this decided separation can no longer be
maintained,[23] and he gives instances in proof of the connections that
can be traced between the two forms. In the higher animals the striped
muscles are the special instruments of _will_, and of movements that
follow, or are accompanied by, distinct sensations. Striped fibre must
be regarded as the highest form; and as a muscle of this sort contracts
in length it increases uniformly in breadth.
[23] 'Manual of Human Microscopic Anatomy,' p. 63.
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