Here are some major “areas of interest” of Soviet espionage in the United States: 1. Scientific research and development, with particular attention to atomic energy, missiles, radar defense, electronics, and aeronautics. 2. The strength, deployment, training methods, strategy, and tactics of the armed forces of the United States, together with ordnance, weapons, and military equipment. 3. The intelligence and counterintelligence agencies of the United States, possibilities for penetration. 4. International relations of the United States. 5. Weaknesses in American public and private life that can be exploited for intelligence and propaganda purposes. 6. Anti-Soviet political opposition groups, refugees from the Soviet Union and satellite countries, and nationality groups in the United States. The world of Soviet espionage, like the communist underground, is bleak and dreary. An individual may work for years and know his superior only as “Bill” or “Henry.” His rewards: a smile, a promise, or a token award. Harry Gold, who gave a lifetime to the Soviets, was awarded the Order of the Red Star, which, among other things, gave him the privilege of free trolley rides in Moscow. To those hoping to get money, the promise is always big, but results are meager. Here are Gold’s own words: ... the difficulty in raising money for ... trips; the weary hours of waiting on street corners in strange towns where I had no business to be and the killing of time in cheap movies; and the lies I had to tell at home and to my friends to explain my supposed whereabouts (Mom was certain that I was carrying on a series of clandestine love affairs).... It was drudgery ... anyone who had an idea this work was glamorous and exciting was very wrong indeed—nothing could have been more dreary. Life is disciplined to the final detail. The individual is a cog in a vast, inhuman, demanding machine. Klaus Fuchs, for example, while committing espionage in New York, asked permission from the Soviets for his sister in Massachusetts to stay with him. A petty detail but, disciplined agent that he was, he got the necessary approval. The pressure is terrific, with the Soviet principals always wanting more and more. “If you were in Russia,” one Soviet superior barked at a sub-agent who had done something wrong, “you would suffer the same fate as the traitors in the Moscow trials,” referring to the purges of the 1930’s. Everything is geared to promote Russian interests. If the agent fails, there are threats of dire consequences. Espionage’s twin partner is sabotage. In 1917 and after, sabotage played an important part in the Bolshevik rise to power. Revolution for the communists is a “science,” of which sabotage is an important element. Not to use it, according to communist tactics, is to hinder victory.