Term applied to the “capitalist” class, which includes not only the wealthy but also middle-class people. Sometimes “petty bourgeoisie” is used to distinguish small businessmen, minor government officials, etc., from the more wealthy “capitalists” and high-ranking officials. To communists the bourgeoisie is a class enemy which must be destroyed. “Bourgeois” is the adjective form of bourgeoisie, hence, “bourgeois virtue.” So used, the word describes anything or anybody whom communists would ridicule or hold in contempt. The term “bourgeois survivals,” or “bourgeois remnants,” refers to so-called “capitalist” (that is, noncommunist) attitudes and institutions not yet obliterated by communism. CADRE: The trusted inner circle of trained members and leaders on whom the Party can depend to carry out its policies and programs without any questions or objections. From cadres will emerge functionaries, officials, organizers. “The Party cadres constitute the commanding staff of the Party....” (_Stalin_) CAPITALISM: To communists, capitalism is an economic system based on the private ownership of property, the private control of the means of production, and the private accumulation and use of profits. As such, communists consider capitalism to be a form of exploitation of man by man. To them, capitalism is the last economic system of exploitation in the social evolution of man. Born as the result of overthrowing feudalism, capitalism, in turn, from its own inner contradictions, will be succeeded by socialism as a transitory stage that will end in a world communist society. CENTRISM: A term of contempt to communists, signifying those who try to pursue a “middle-of-the-road” position, thereby denying full and undeviating obedience to the Party line. “... and finally, there are the ‘Centrists,’ those who wobble between the ‘Lefts’ and the Rights.... Centrism is a political concept. Its ideology is one of adaptation, of subordination of the interests of the proletariat to the interests of the petty-bourgeoisie in the _same_ party. This ideology is alien and contrary to Leninism.” (_Stalin_) CHAUVINISM: A term of bad repute to communists signifying that one nation, race, group, or individual assumes an attitude of biased superiority. Within the Party structure chauvinism (which can occur in various forms) often results in disciplinary action and becomes a weapon whereby the ruling clique can bring charges against opponents for the purpose of weakening or destroying them. CLASS: