To check the population of these States, Thwarting the laws for naturalization Of foreigners, withholding his assent From other laws, that might encourage them In immigrating hither, and enhancing The price of new allotments of the soil. He has obstructed the administration Of Justice, by his veto on the laws Establishing judiciary powers He has made Judges on his will alone Dependent, for the tenure of their office, For the amount, and for the proper payment Of their emoluments. He has erected New offices in multitudes, and sent Swarms of his officers to harass us, And to eat out our substance. He has kept, In times of peace, among us, standing armies, Without the sanction of our Legislatures. His aim has been to place the military Above the civil power, and beyond Its just control. He has combined with others To make us subject to a jurisdiction, In spirit foreign to our Constitution, And unacknowledged by our laws; assenting To acts, that they have passed with semblance only Of legislation: Acts for quartering Among us bodies of armed troops: For shielding, By a mock trial, those their instruments From punishment for any murders done On our inhabitants: For cutting off Our trade with every quarter of the world-- For laying on us taxes not approved By our consent: For oft-times robbing us Of any benefit that might attend Trial by jury: For transporting us Beyond the seas, to answer for offences, Imputed to us: For abolishing, Within a neighbouring province, the free system Of English laws; establishing therein An arbitrary power; and enlarging Its boundaries, to render it at once The fit example, and the instrument For bringing into these our Colonies The same despotic rule: For taking from us Our Charters; and abolishing our laws Most valued; changing thus, in principle, Our forms of Government: And for suspending Our Legislatures, with the declaration That they, themselves, in each and every case, Were vested with supreme authority To legislate for us. He has laid down His sway, by holding us without the pale Of his protection, and by waging war Against us. He has plundered on our seas; Ravaged our coasts; our cities burnt; and taken Our people's lives. He is transporting hither Armies composed of foreign mercenaries, To end the works of death, and desolation, And tyranny, begun with circumstances Of cruelty and perfidy unequalled In the most barbarous ages, and unworthy The Ruler of a nation civilized. He has constrained our fellow-citizens, On the high seas made captive, to bear arms Against their country, and of friends and brothers