In France, as we have already seen, the pavement labyrinths were sometimes known as "dédales" or "maisons de Dédalus," in reference of course to the "house" built by Daedalus for the Minotaur, and in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries we find the same titles applied to mazes formed of shrubs. Charles V, in the fourteenth century, is said to have laid out a _maison de Dédale_ in the gardens of the Hôtel de St. Paul in Paris. Of interest on this point is an Order of the Court of the Duchy of Anjou, dated September 18, 1477, in which the people of the Duchy were required to pay twelve _livres_ to the keeper of King Réné's castle at Baugé "pour la nourriture des ouyseaux et nestoyer les espèces qu'il a en garde ... et _reffaire le Dédalus_ qui est és jardrins dudit lieu de Baugé." We also read of a _dédalus_ in the park of Louise de Savoie in 1513. A sixteenth-century maze is depicted in a landscape by Tintoretto which is exhibited in the Queen's Private Chamber at Hampton Court Palace (No. 524 [787]). In the centre of the maze are seen four ladies seated at a table, their attendants standing by. In the background is the palace to which the maze and surrounding pleasure-grounds evidently appertain. Hans Holbein, an early contemporary of Tintoretto, is also said to have painted a maze of this description. Many mazes at that time were planned by the Italian architect Serlio, one of whose designs is shown in Fig. 81. [Illustration: FIG. 81.--Maze Design by J. Serlio (Sixteenth Century).] The late sixteenth century furnishes abundant evidence of the growing taste for the topiary labyrinth in the architectural works of Androuet du Cerceau, one of the great builders of the French Renaissance and architect to Catherine de Medici. We are bound to say, however, that the assertion of Horace Walpole, in his "Essay on Modern Gardening," to the effect that in Du Cerceau's works there is scarcely a ground plot without both a round and a square maze, is not borne out by reference to such editions as are generally available. Du Cerceau's sketches of the mazes at Charleval and in the Palace garden of the Archbishop of Rouen at Gaillon--with modifications necessitated by the extreme roughness of the original blocks--are shown in Figs. 82, 83 and 84. [Illustration: FIG. 82.--Maze at Charleval. (After Du Cerceau.)] [Illustration: FIGS. 83 and 84.--Mazes at Gaillon. (After Du Cerceau.)] One of the best-known gardens of the Elizabethan period was that made about 1560 for Lord Burleigh, or Burghley, at Theobalds in Hertfordshire. It was described by a contemporary as being "large and square, having all its walls covered with Sillery and a beautiful _jet d'eau_ in the centre." At the end was a small mount called the Mount of Venus, placed in the midst of a labyrinth, "upon the whole, one of the most beautiful spots in the world." The house and gardens, John Evelyn tells us in his Memoirs, under date April 15, 1643, were "demolish'd by the rebels."