Country Average income per capita United States $173.00 England 136.50 France 116.50 Germany 92.00 Servia and Bulgaria 50.50 Russia 31.50 It thus appears that the average American family earns nearly six times as much as the average Russian family, and that even in such comparatively backward and undeveloped parts of Europe as Servia and Bulgaria the average income of the population per capita is nearly twice that of Russia. Another test of the economic condition of a country is its rate of mortality, taken in connection with the provision that it makes for the medical care and relief of its people. The death-rate of Russia--37.3 per thousand--is higher than that of any other civilized state, and, according to a report made by Dr. A. Shingaref to the Piragof Medical Congress in Moscow in May, 1907, the health of the population is more neglected than in any other country in Europe. The figures by which he proved this are as follows:[36] Great Britain has one doctor to every 1,100 persons France " " " " " 1,800 " Belgium " " " " " 1,850 " Norway " " " " " 1,900 " Prussia " " " " " 2,000 " Austria " " " " " 2,400 " Italy " " " " " 2,500 " Hungary " " " " " 3,400 " Russia " " " " " 7,930 " In connection with this report it may be noted that while Russia has only one physician to eight thousand people, there is one policeman to every nine hundred and one soldier to every one hundred and twelve. This lack of physicians in Russia is mainly due to the extreme poverty of the mass of the people and their absolute inability to pay for medical attendance and care. With an earning capacity of only $31.50 per capita, or $189.00 per annum for a family of six, and with taxes that cut deeply into even this small revenue, the Russians cannot afford doctors. Shelter, food, and clothing they must have; but medical attendance is a luxury that may be dispensed with.