Mechanics of the Household: A Course of Study Devoted to Domestic Machinery and Household Mechanical AppliancesKeene, E. S. (Edward Spencer)
Science
Mechanics of the Household: A Course of Study Devoted to Domestic Machinery and Household Mechanical Appliances
Keene, E. S. (Edward Spencer)
Heating; Lighting; Plumbing
In the level areas where the possibilities of natural drainage is
not good, it sometimes occurs that plants such as those described
are not permissible. To overcome such conditions the plant in Fig.
155 represents an installation where the effluent is carried several
hundred feet through a drain tile before it is finally discharged into
an outlet. This plant is made up of two separate tanks, the first
acting as a septic tank, while the second tank is a settling chamber.
The water from the second chamber is pumped by windmill power and
discharged into a drain tile at the required height through which it is
carried to the place of final deposit.
=Limit of Efficiency.=--Much that has been written on the subject
conveys the impression that the septic tank alone, used under various
conditions, will eliminate disease germs and all offending features
of sewage and render it a pure water with a small amount of residue
remaining in the tank. That such is not the case is all too evident to
many who have constructed plants expecting perfect results and have
attained only partial success.
It is not reasonable that a plant giving satisfaction under the usual
conditions could accomplish its purpose under stress of work. It is
quite evident that the amount of sewage from any source cannot be
constant. It is equally evident that the effluent from the plant cannot
always be the same; but with reasonable limits of variation, a suitably
designed tank ought to take care of the sewage from a house at all
times and discharge an effluent that is reasonably clear and without
offending odor.
It should be kept in mind that, as commonly used, the chief office of
the septic tank is to do away with the things that offend the senses,
and not to make an effluent that might serve as drinking water. It must
also be kept in mind that if the disease germs enter the plant because
of sickness in the house that there is every possibility that the germs
will be in the discharged water.
The plant must be located as is directed by the natural surroundings
but the drainage must be away from buildings and particularly from
wells.
Small sewage plants are reasonably efficient and add immensely to the
comfort and healthful conditions of the home. They are not perfect in
their action but there is excellent reason to believe that the plant of
ideal construction will yet be attained.
In a flat country where drainage is difficult, the form of plant must
be modified to suit the prevailing conditions but some form of working
plant can always be devised. Small plants do not give so efficient
results as those of large size but they do very acceptable work. To do
good service they must receive attention but the actual amount of labor
they demand is small. Small sewage-disposal plants are not expensive
nor difficult to construct, and for the amount of labor and money
expended they give returns that cannot be estimated.
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