[52] The formula of abjuration from the heresy defined by John XXII’s bulls was: ‘I swear that I believe in my heart and profess that our Lord Jesus Christ and His Apostles while in the mortal life held in common the things which Scripture declares them to have had, and that they had the right of giving, selling and alienating them,’—Eymeric, _Directorium_, p. 486. [53] For Guglielma see Lea, vol. iii, pp. 90-100. [54] See Bernard Gui, _Practica_, pp. 340 _et seq._; also Salimbene, _op. cit._, pp. 112 _et seq._; _Directorium_, pp. 286-8. [55] For Dolcino see _ibid._ and _Practica_, pp. 340-55. [56] _Inferno_, Canto xxviii. [57] _Practica_, p. 340. [58] Inquisitors found difficulty in proceeding against Dolcinists, _ibid._, p. 343. ‘Est autem valde difficile ipsos examinare et veritatem contra eos invenire pro eo maxime quod, quantuscumque juraverint in juditio se veritatem dicturos, nolunt tamen manifeste suam detegere falsitatem, nec suos errores publice confiteri, nec directe respondere ad interrogata, set palliate et per astucias et tergiversationes multas deviant et mendaciis se juvant, et se ipsos contegunt, et ideo multum est ars necessaria contra ipsos et industria inquirentis.’ [59] See Lea, vol. ii, pp. 351-2, 355. [60] Lea, vol. ii, p. 320. E. Renan, _Averroës et l’Averroïsme_ (Paris, 1861, 2nd ed.), p. 222. [61] See Lea, vol. i, p. 360; vol. ii, p. 359. For views ascribed to Beghards see Döllinger, _Beiträge_, vol. ii, pp. 378-401 (_passim_). ‘... se esse vel aliquos ex istis perfectos et sic unitos Deo, quod sint realiter et veraciter ipse Deus, quia dicunt se esse illud idem et unum esse quod est ipse Deus absque distinctione.’ See also _Directorium_, pt. ii, question xv, pp. 299-308. [62] For proceedings against Beguines, modes of interrogation and sentences, etc., see Bernard Gui, _Practica_, pp. 141-4, 277 _et seq._ [63] Frédéricq, _op. cit._, vol. ii, p. 93. ‘Verum quia in multis mundi partibus sunt plurime mulieres similiter Beghine vulge vocate, quarum alique in propriis, alique in conductis, alique in communibus sibi domibus habitantes vitam ducunt honestam’ ... proceeds to rule that these must on no account be molested. [64] Lea, vol. ii, pp. 413-14. [65] For example, [Sidenote: ? cessiez.] ‘En commencant no pénitence Soit la Vierge et la Trinité, Et, tout en parfaicte puissance, Des cieulx, le hault divin secret, ? cessiez. Sire Dieu, croissiez vo venjeance, Les fruits des ventres respitez, Car esté a en grant balance, Longtemps toute crestienté. ‘Or, avant, entre nous tait frère, Batons nos charoinges bien fort, En remembrant la grant misère Du Dieu et sa piteuse mort, Qui fut prins de la gent amère Et vendus et trahis à tort, Et battu sa char vierge et clère; En nom de ce, batons plus fort.’