[81] By the middle of the thirteenth century the University of Paris was in possession of practically all the Commentaries of Averrhoës, _ibid._ See also Renan, pp. 201-2, ‘Un des phénomènes les plus singuliers de l’histoire littéraire du moyen âge, c’est l’activité du commerce intellectuel et la rapidité avec laquelle les livres se repandaient d’un bout à l’autre de l’Europe.’ [82] Mandonnet, pp. lxix _et seq._ [83] ‘Nec libri Aristotelis de naturali philosophia nec commenta legantur Parisiis publice et secreto, et hoc sub pena excommunicationis inhibemus.’ This, and the subsequent prohibition of 1215 referred of course only to Paris. See _Directorium_ on the errors of Aristotle and his Arabian commentators, pt. ii, question iv, pp. 253-5. See Hauréau, _op. cit._, vol. ii, pp. 83-107. On action of Gregory IX, _ibid._, pp. 108-19. [84] The tract was written against Averrhoës, not the Averrhoïsts. When, however, it was incorporated in his _Summa Theologica_, Albertus Magnus made mention of the fact that Averrhoïsm had made considerable progress and boasted a number of advocates. Mandonnet, p. lxxiii. [85] _Ibid._, pp. xcvii-ix. [86] See _Fr. Rogeri Bacon Opera quaedam hactenus inedita_ (ed. J. S. Brewer, 1859), p. 429. There are several contemporary poems on the troubles in the University of Paris, especially on the part played by William de Saint-Amour, in Rutebeuf, _Œuvres Complètes_ (Paris, 1874), vol. i, pp. 178-213. [87] See Mandonnet, p. cx. [88] Salimbene, _op. cit._, p. 108. ‘Isti boni homines semper de scientia gloriantur, et dicunt quod in ordine eorum fons sapientiae invenitur.’ [89] _Registrum epistolarum fratris Johannis Peckham_ (Rolls series, ed. C. T. Martin, London, 1882-5), vol. iii, p. 842. See also A. Little, _The Grey Friars in Oxford_ (1892), pp. 72-5. [90] See _Alberti Magni De Quindecim Problematicis_ in appendix to Mandonnet, pp. 13-36. [91] See Mandonnet, p. cxxvi. [92] In appendix to Mandonnet, pp. 69-83, 83-115 respectively. [93] In his tract _Contra praecipuos viros in philosophia Albertum et Thomam_. On Siger and St. Thomas, see Hauréau, vol. iii, pp. 131-7. [94] See, _passim_, De Wulf, _op. cit._, pp. 379-85; Mandonnet, pp. cxxviii-ccvi. [95] De Wulf, p. 384; Mandonnet, p. ccxxi. [96] The tractate, _De Erroribus Philosophorum_, is attributed to him. It is printed in appendix to Mandonnet, pp. 2-11. [97] _Ibid._, p. clxxvii. [98] Mandonnet, p. ccvi. [99] _Ibid._, p. ccxxvi. [100] _Ibid._, pp. ccxxviii _et seq._ [101] _Ibid._, pp. cclxiv _et seq._ [102] Mandonnet, pp. cclxx _et seq._ Mandonnet sees a reference to Siger and Boëthius in the words of Peckham: ‘Nam eam (opinionem) credimus non a religiosis personis, sed saecularibus quibusdam duxisse originem, cuius duo praecipui defensores vel forsitan inventores miserabiliter dicuntur conclusisse dies suos in partibus transalpinis, cum tamen non essent de illis partibus oriundi.’—_Registrum_, vol. iii, p. 842.