[269] J. A. Llorente, _Histoire critique de l’Inquisition d’Espagne_ (Fr. trans. from the Spanish, Paris, 1818), vol. i, p. 30; Eymeric, _Directorium_, p. 298. [270] Ludovico à Paramo, _De Origine et Progressu Officii Sanctae Inquisitionis eiusque dignitate et utilitate_ (Madrid, 1598), p. 90; Havet, p. 167; De Cauzons, vol. i, p. 283. This is the first secular law of the Middle Ages prescribing the penalty of the stake. But it only refers to Waldenses in a particular country, and the stake is only to be had recourse to in the event of banishment (the penalty primarily enjoined) being incomplete. The legislation of general significance is that of the Emperor Frederick II, between 1220 and 1239. [271] For particulars of a rather interesting case see Lea, vol. i, pp. 111-12. The charge of heresy was mainly based on the obduracy of a young girl in repelling the licentious advances of a young canon of Rheims. [272] Mansi, vol. xx, p. 476; Frédéricq, _Corpus_, vol. i, No. 56. [273] See Havet, p. 154. [274] Vacandard, p. 56. [275] This is the argument of Maillet, _op. cit._, p. 49. [276] See Frédéricq, _Revue historique_, p. 320. [277] A. Luchaire, _Innocent III; la croisade des Albigeois_ (Paris, 1905), pp. 58-9. [278] _Ibid._, pp. 17, 27. [279] _Ibid._, pp. 7-8; Tanon, p. 21. [280] Luchaire, _op. cit._, p. 103. [281] J. C. L. Sismondi, _History of the Crusades against the Albigenses_ (Eng. trans.), p. 53. [282] Lea, vol. i, p. 154. See, however, Lord Acton in his review of Lea’s work in _The History of Freedom of Thought and other Essays_ (1909), p. 567. The chronicler, Caesarius Heisterbach, does not relate a fact, but tells a story, which may or may not be fact. [283] The _potestas inquirendi_ handed down from Christ to St. Peter has been annexed to the episcopal dignity. See Ludovico à Paramo, _op. cit._, book ii, p. 89. [284] C. Douais, _L’Inquisition; ses origines, sa procédure_ (Paris, 1906), pp. 45-6. [285] Sometimes a new heresy was not at once recognized as one at all. Gregory VII was indulgent to Berengar of Tours and Alexander III congratulated Peter Waldo. See Luchaire, _op. cit._, p. 38. [286] See De Cauzons, _op. cit._, vol. i, p. 333. [287] Simancas, _op. cit._, Tit. xxv, p. 150, ‘De Episcopis.’ [288] See Lea, vol. i, p. 310; De Cauzons, vol. i, pp. 378-80. See also A. Esmein, _Histoire de la Procédure Criminelle en France, et spécialement de la Procédure inquisitoire_ (Paris, 1882), pp. 66-78; in English version, _A History of Continental Criminal Procedure_, Continental Legal History Series, vol. v (Boston, 1913), pp. 3-11, 78-94. [289] Mansi, _op. cit._, vol. xxii, pp. 476-8. [290] See De Cauzons, vol. i, p. 393. [291] At first sight it may appear as though the completeness of the success of the Albigensian Crusade rendered further action unnecessary. This would appear to be the implication in Douais’ _L’Inquisition_, pp. 45-6. As a matter of fact it was rather a case of following up an initial advantage.