Chaucer, in describing the Miller, speaks of the “goliardeys.” The goliardus was a professional diner-out; one who earned his dinner by telling tales, reciting verses, and making jests for the amusement of the company. The profession is one branch of the many devoted to making a sad world merry. The mime, the tumbler, the dancing girl, the juggler, the Tom Fool, the singer, the musician, and the diner-out are all members of this honourable and creditable profession. Professor Skeat has kindly sent me the following notes on Mediæval manners and customs, taken from a Lecture delivered before the University Extension Conference in 1898. In one or two places they mention matters already recited by myself. The greater part of the notes, however, will be found to supplement my own. But the field of Mediæval manners is absolutely inexhaustible. I would recommend the reader to look through the learned Professor’s _Notes to Chaucer and Piers Plowman_ for an illustration of the axiom. It was usual, he remarks, for tradesmen’s apprentices to stand at the shop-doors, touting for custom by means of incessant shouting. At the door of the cook, who provided meat and drink for the hungry wayfarer, was heard the cry—“Hote pies, hote,” _i.e._ hot pies, all hot. Or else—“gode grys and gees,” _i.e._ good roast pigs, good roast geese. Or—“gowe, dyne, gowe,” _i.e._ let’s go and dine. At the door of the taverner was heard the cry—“whyte wyn of Gascoigne,” _i.e._ white wine of Alsace, red wine of Gascony. Or else—“wyn of the Ryne,” _i.e._ wine of the Rhine; or “wyn of Rochel,” _i.e._ wine of Rochelle; and these wines were especially warranted to assist the digestion, as being the correct drink to take after dining off roast meat. One common use of bread was to feed horses and dogs with. I have often seen a horse eat a loaf of bread in Switzerland, but never in London; so I suppose it is not now in use here. One common name for a horse was _Bayard_, and hence a horse-loaf was sometimes called a _Bayard’s bun_. In the same way, I may here note that there was once a place in London called _Bayard’s water_, _i.e._ a watering-place for horses. It is now called _Bayswater_.