Mediæval Military Architecture in England, Volume 1 (of 2)Clark, George Thomas
History
Mediæval Military Architecture in England, Volume 1 (of 2)
Clark, George Thomas
Architecture -- England; Architecture, Medieval; Military architecture
Five days later came out another order enforcing the former, and
directing Henry de Braibroc and William de Pateshull to see to its
prompt and accurate execution. It was also specified that William de
Beauchamp might, if he pleased, build a dwelling-house on the site,
and use the reduced wall of the inner ward, but he was not to raise
the mound or the wall above a certain height, or to embattle it. He
might only erect it. Braibroc is to see the stone from both walls and
mound distributed as directed. September 16th, the sheriffs of Herts,
Cambridge, and Hunts were ordered to send men to aid Braibroc and
Pateshull in the work of destruction, and they are to take tools with
them, and stay until the mound is lowered and the ditches filled up as
ordered. Beauchamp was further allowed half the timber from the barn
and the old tower.
Thus passed away the strength and glory of the castle of Bedford, the
great fortress of the Ouse. Whether William de Beauchamp built upon its
site does not appear. He died 44 Hen. III., and within a very few years
his name was extinct and his barony divided.
The castle, or its site, probably as the seat of a manor court, is
named from time to time in the _Inquisitiones post Mortem_. Thus, 5
Ed. II., Roger L’Estrange, by Margaret his wife, was seized of “the
Castle” and the “site of the Castle” of Bedford; 1 Ed. III., John
de Mowbray was seized of the site of Bedford Castle and the fishery
of the Ouse; and 40 Ed. III., another John had suit of court in the
castle of Bedford; and 50 Ed. III., Elizabeth, wife of John Mowbray,
holds of the same castle. Also, 6 Rich. II., another John Mowbray is
seized of Bedford Castle and Bedford Barony; and, finally, 8 Hen. IV.,
Thomas Mowbray, Earl Marshall, holds Bedford Castle in chief, by the
service of almoner to the king at his coronation; so that the tenures
and privileges attached to the castle remained in force long after the
fortress itself had been razed. In Leland’s time, the castle mill,—that
great evidence of feudal customs,—remained; and he also mentions the
“great round hill” as a burrow for foxes. There were not then any
buildings.
It is evident from present appearance that the mandate of Henry III.
was strictly obeyed. No trace of a ditch is to be seen between the
mound and the river, and the mound itself is so much lower than is
usual with works of that diameter as to make it probable that at least
one half has been removed and employed in filling up the ditches.
It is not easy to gather from the account of the siege a clear idea of
the disposition of the parts of the castle. There were two wards, and
the outer, judging from its contents, must have been of considerable
area. It probably included the inner ward and the mound, and abutted
upon the river. The barbican would scarcely be placed upon the river
or outside the town, and probably was to the north-west, or near the
church of St. Paul.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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