Mediæval Military Architecture in England, Volume 1 (of 2)Clark, George Thomas
History
Mediæval Military Architecture in England, Volume 1 (of 2)
Clark, George Thomas
Architecture -- England; Architecture, Medieval; Military architecture
Lord Thomas pronounced the deposition of Richard in Parliament in 1399.
John of Trevisa, whose translations from the Apocalypse are yet seen
on the ribs of the chapel roof at Berkeley, was vicar of this parish
during the life of this lord. Lord Thomas left a daughter only, married
to Richard Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick, who strove hard, but in vain,
to oust the heir male, James de Berkeley. Lord Warwick appeared before
the castle in 1418 with an armed force, and his heirs preferred a suit
at law which lasted 150 years, varied with occasional combats, one of
which, known as the battle of Nibley Green, led to the settlement of
the dispute, Lord Lisle, the claimant, being slain in the field by
William Lord Berkeley. William, the next lord, was created Earl of
Nottingham by Richard III., and Marquis of Berkeley by Henry VII., in
return for which he alienated the estate from his brother and male heir
in favour of the latter king and his heirs male, nor did the Berkeleys
recover it until the death of Edward VI. and the failure of the royal
male line, when the castle was recovered by Henry, who resumed the
title of Berkeley, after an alienation of 61 years 4 months and 20 days.
Henry VII. is said to have erected the kitchen, but probably he only
put a new roof upon it.
During the Parliamentary struggle, the Lord of Berkeley seems to have
been a moderate Royalist, with strong friends among the Parliamentary
leaders. In 1642 it was surrendered to Lieutenant-Colonel Arthur
Forbes, for the Parliament, but was not pillaged, and even the arms
contained in it were not removed. Probably this moderation was abused,
for, 24th September, 1645, being held by Sir Charles Lucas, it was
stormed from the churchyard by Colonels Rainsborough and Morgan, and
free plunder allowed to the soldiery. Fortunately, at the moment of
victory, a pressing order came for the march of the troops to assist
Fairfax, on which the plunder was compounded for at 5s. a head. Such
goods as were taken away were inquired after and restored, and the
chief mischief seems to have been confined to the muniment room, where
the charters and title-deeds were torn and mutilated. In 1646 the
out-works were destroyed, and the arms, ammunition, and drawbridge
removed to Gloucester. Probably the great breach was then made by the
workmen employed upon the earthworks, which would account for the
careful manner in which the wall has been cut away.
George, Lord Berkeley, was created in 1679, by Charles II., Viscount
Dursley and Earl of Berkeley, titles still extant.
BODIHAM CASTLE, SUSSEX.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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