Mediæval Military Architecture in England, Volume 1 (of 2)Clark, George Thomas
History
Mediæval Military Architecture in England, Volume 1 (of 2)
Clark, George Thomas
Architecture -- England; Architecture, Medieval; Military architecture
There are some indications, in a foundation, as of a forebuilding
attached to the north face, where probably was the entrance. The
material of the keep is chalk flint, laid in copious beds of mortar.
The flints are undressed, and the workmanship is coursed rubble, very
plain and good, but rather rough, with a tendency to herring-bone
work. The window is dressed with ashlar, as are the hollow quoins
of the interior, but there is no ornament, not even the usual
Norman pilaster or plinth. The ashlar is probably the malm rock
of the neighbourhood, a bed below the chalk, much like that used
at Dorchester, and for some of the adjacent Oxfordshire churches.
Altogether, this keep seems to be early Norman work, perhaps as early
as Malling, and was probably built by the first De Braose before 1095,
when his son was in possession.
When the keep was blown up, as it evidently was, with powder, the south
and east walls fell in four or five huge masses into the adjacent
ditch, where they remain but little altered, though obscured with
vegetation. If these were cleared, something more of the detail of the
keep might be discovered. The north wall seems to have been broken up
and removed.
About 40 feet west of the keep are the remains of the entrance. So far
as can now be seen there was no considerable gatehouse, probably only
an arch in the curtain, as at Richmond. The fragment of a wall shows
the approach to have been steep, and about 40 feet from the gate was a
bridge, the pier and counter-pier of which, 13 feet apart, are still
standing in the ditch, here not above 90 feet wide and 30 feet deep.
The approach to the counter-pier rises steeply from the foot of the
hill and passes the church.
The only building of which there are positive traces, beside the keep,
within the area, was a rectangular pile, built upon the curtain,
60 feet long, and projecting 24 feet into the area. This is placed
opposite to and east of the mound, and the passage between the two was
only 15 feet broad. A part of the base of this building remains, and
shows a plinth and fragment of wall faced with squared flint. The work
looks many centuries later than the keep, and most certainly is not
Norman. There is no trace of a well.
The parish church shares the protection of St. Nicholas, in common with
Old Shoreham. It is in substance Norman, probably rather later than the
castle, and was originally a cross church with a central tower. The
nave and central square remain, but the choir and transepts have been
removed, and the arches blocked up. The south door of the nave has a
plain billet moulding, but the original opening has been walled up,
and a smaller segmental doorway inserted. The cruciform plan seems to
have been much in use here. It is seen at Old Shoreham, Steyning, and
Broadwater.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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