4. _Cold water_, applied to the external parts of the body, and injected into the bowels by way of glyster, did great service in many cases. John Madge found great relief from cloths dipped in cold water, and applied to the lower part of his belly. They eased a pain in his bowels, and procured a discharge of urine. A throbbing and most distressing pain in the head was relieved by the same remedy, in Mrs. Vogles and Mrs. Lenox. The cloths were applied for three successive days and nights to Mrs. Lenox's head, during an inflammation of her brain, which succeeded her fever, and were changed, during the greater part of the time, every ten or fifteen minutes. In 1795, I increased the coldness of pump water, when used in this way, by dissolving ice in it, and in some cases I applied powdered ice in a bladder to the head, with great advantage. The following facts will show the good effects of cold water in this, as well as other fevers of too much action. In the afternoon of one of those days in which my system was impregnated with the miasmata of the yellow fever, I felt so much indisposed that I deliberated whether I should go to bed or visit a patient about a mile in the country. The afternoon was cool and rainy. I recollected, at this time, a case related by Dr. Daignan, a French physician, of a man who was cured of the plague, by being forced to lie all night in an open field, in a shower of rain. I got into my chair, and exposed myself to the rain. It was extremely grateful to my feelings. In two hours I returned, when, to my great satisfaction, I found all my feverish symptoms had left me, nor had I the least return of them afterwards. Dr. Caldwell, who acted as a surgeon of a regiment, in the expedition against the insurgents in the western counties of Pennsylvania, furnished me, in a letter dated from Bedford, October 20th, 1794, with an account of his having been cured of a fever, by a more copious use of the same remedy. "I was (says the doctor), to use a vulgar expression, _wet to the skin_, and had no opportunity of shifting my clothes for several hours. In consequence of this thorough bathing, and my subsequent exposure to a cool air, I was relieved from every symptom of indisposition in a few hours, and have enjoyed more than my usual stock of health ever since." The efficacy of cold water, in preventing and curing inflammation, may be conceived from its effects when used with mud or clay, for obviating the pain and inflammation which arise from the sting of venomous insects. The same remedy, applied for half an hour, has lately, it is said, been equally effectual in preventing the deleterious effects of the bite of a rattle-snake.