Medical Inquiries and Observations, Vol. 3: The Second Edition, Revised and Enlarged by the AuthorRush, Benjamin
Science
Medical Inquiries and Observations, Vol. 3: The Second Edition, Revised and Enlarged by the Author
Rush, Benjamin
Medicine; Yellow fever -- Pennsylvania -- Philadelphia
Blisters, when applied at a _proper_ time, did great service in this
fever. This time was, when the fever was so much weakened by evacuations,
that the artificial pain excited by the stimulus of the blisters
destroyed, and, like a conductor, conveyed off all the natural pain of
the body. It is from ignorance, or inattention to the proper stage of
fevers in which blisters have been applied, that there have been so many
disputes among physicians respecting their efficacy. When applied in a
state of great arterial action, they do harm; when applied after that
action has nearly ceased, they do little or no service. I have called the
period in which blisters are useful the _blistering point_. In bilious
fevers this point is generally circumscribed within eight and forty
hours.
The effects of blisters were as follow:
1. They concentrated, like a salivation, all the scattered pains of the
body, and thereby,
2. Reduced the pulse in force and frequency.
3. They instantly checked a sickness at the stomach and vomiting.
4. They often induced a gentle moisture upon the skin.
I found it of little consequence to what part of the body the blisters
were applied; for I observed a pain in the head, and even delirium, to be
as speedily and certainly cured by blisters upon the wrists, as they were
by a large blister to the neck.
III. After the reduction of the morbid action of the blood-vessels, by
means of the remedies which have been mentioned, I seldom made use of any
other tonic than a nourishing and gently stimulating diet. This consisted
of summer fruits, bread and milk, chicken broth, the white meats, eggs,
oysters, and malt liquors, more especially porter. I made many attempts
to cure this fever when it appeared in the form of a simple intermittent,
without malignant symptoms, by means of _bark_, but always, except in two
instances, without success; and in them it did not take effect until
after bleeding. In several cases it evidently did harm. I should have
suspected my judgment in these observations respecting this medicine, had
I not been assured by Dr. Griffitts, Dr. Physick, and Dr. Woodhouse, that
it was equally ineffectual in their practice, in nearly all the cases in
which they gave it, and even where blood-letting had been premised. Dr.
Woodhouse saw a case in which near a pound of bark had been taken without
effect; and another in which a fatal dropsy succeeded its use. Dr.
Griffitts excepted, from his testimony against the bark, the cases of
seven persons from the country, who brought the seeds of the intermitting
fever with them to the city. In them the bark succeeded without previous
bleeding. The facility with which these seven cases of intermitting
fever were cured by the bark, clearly proves that fevers of the same
season differ very much, according to the nature of the exhalation which
excites them. The intermittents in these strangers were excited by
miasmata of less force than that which was generated in our city, in
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