Medical Jurisprudence, Forensic medicine and Toxicology. Vol. 1Witthaus, R. A. (Rudolph August)
Science
Medical Jurisprudence, Forensic medicine and Toxicology. Vol. 1
Witthaus, R. A. (Rudolph August)
Medical jurisprudence; Poisons; Toxicology
When it is impossible for any reason to obtain the whole of any organ,
the part removed should be carefully weighed and its proportion to the
rest of the organ noted.
It is also of extreme importance to preserve in sealed and labelled
jars those parts of a body which may show the evidence of disease, or
on the appearance of which one’s evidence is founded.
ORDER OF AUTOPSY.
In making the autopsy, the operator should stand on the right side of
the body and make the incision by grasping the knife firmly in the
hand, and cutting with the whole of the blade and not with the point.
The knife should be swept along from the shoulder rather than from the
wrist, thus making a long, smooth, deep cut; never a jagged one.
The method of examining the human body after death will vary somewhat
according to the objects in view. These objects may be threefold: (1)
To ascertain whether a person has died from violence or poison; (2) to
establish the cause of death, especially if it has been sudden; and (3)
to ascertain the lesion of a disease, or to confirm a diagnosis.
The only difference between a medico-legal and pathological autopsy
is that in the former case everything which might subserve the ends
of justice should be carefully noted, and the changes found most
accurately described; especially any abnormalities found on the
external examination of the body. A photograph should be taken of the
body.
The head should be opened and the brain examined first, and not last,
as is often done in the ordinary autopsy.
Careful notes should be taken during each step of the examination, to
be reread, verified, and signed at the completion of the autopsy.
It must be remembered that most of the lesions of disease which are
found, indicate the disease rather than the cause of death; that often
the lesion found will seem hardly extensive enough to cause death, and
that from accidents and injuries apparently trivial, death may result.
It must often be acknowledged that no sufficient cause of death can be
found, but the more accurate and careful the examinations (especially
when a microscopical examination of the organs is made) the fewer will
be the number of such cases. If no apparent lesion is found, it must
not be forgotten that many poisons destroy life and leave no trace that
the pathologist can discover.
Care should always be exercised not to mistake the ordinary post-mortem
appearance which we find at autopsies for the lesions of disease.
The examination of the human body, whether it be made from a
medico-legal or pathological standpoint, is divided into two main
divisions:
(1) The external examination, and
(2) The internal examination.
EXTERNAL EXAMINATION.
Its minuteness will depend on the character of the case, as when the
person is unknown, or when suspected to have died from unnatural
causes. In such cases the external examination is very important.
The following are the steps to be followed:
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