For the power of Corporations to make reasonable Bye Laws, See _Kyd_ on Corporations; how far they may bind Strangers. ib. 103. _Cowper_, 269; they must not be in diminution of the King’s prerogative, or to restrain suits in the King’s Courts; 19 _Hen._ 7. c. 7. nor to extend to imprisonment or forfeiture of goods. Magna Charta. 2 _Inst._ 47, 54. _Kyd_, 156. But see also 5 _Mod._ 320; but they may inflict a penalty to be recovered by action or distress; 5 _Co._ 64. _Kyd_, 156. And this power to make Bye Laws, is incident to all Corporations, though it be not given by any special clause. _Co. Lit._ 264. _Ld. Hob._ 211. _Carth_ 482. 3 _Leon_ 39. A bye-law, giving a casting vote to the senior, if the charter requires a majority, is bad. _King v. Ginever._ 6 T. R. 732. As to the other points, respecting elections, see _the King against the Mayor of Durham_, in Lord _Kenyon’s Reports_, by _Hanmer_, _p._ 112. And generally, 1 T R 118: 2 T R 2: 6 T R 732, 736: 7 T R 543: 8 T R 356: 1 _H. Blackstone_ 370: 12 _East_ 22: 3 _East._ 186: 3 _Bos and Pull_ 434. A bye law must be reasonable, if not it is bad, 1 _Salk_ 143: 11 _Co. R._ 53: _Moore_ 412, 576: _Ld. Kenyon by Hanm._ 500. As to the mode of making bye Laws _Ld. Raym._ 496: 2 _P Wms._ 209: _Comb._ 269: 1 _Str._ 385, we have been particular in citing authorities on this subject, as it is a continual source of litigation with all Corporations: as respects the College of Physicians, we shall have occasion in another place to refer more particularly to the case of _the King_, (at the instance of Dr. _Stanger_) _against the Coll. of Phys._ T. R. 282, in which this power was very ably argued and determined. Footnote 83: The name of Thomas Bonham also occurs about the same period among the signatures of several Surgeons. See Goodall. Footnote 84: A degree in either of the Universities is a good addition in pleading within the Statute of Additions. 1 _Hen._ 5. _c._ 5. See 2 _Inst._ 668. 1 _Bl. Com._ 405. Footnote 85: This forbidding is not absolutely necessary, but _ex abundanti cautela_ is expedient. Footnote 86: This custom of amercing for unlicenced practice appears to have been very commonly adopted by the College: (see Goodall’s Proceedings,) it was undoubtedly erroneous, but as it was less expensive to the parties so fined than a suit for five pounds a month, according to the Statute, of which the defendant must have paid the costs, it was very generally acquiesced in till 1622, when the above trial took place. Footnote 87: