unless he had first been approved of, as well instructed in that Mystery, by the said Masters or Governors, or their Successors, sufficiently qualified in that Behalf; and his said Majesty did further grant, that the said Masters or Governors of the Commonalty of the said Mystery of Barbers, and their Successors, nor any of them, should in any Manner thereafter be summoned or put upon any Assizes, Juries, Inquests, Inquisitions, Attaints or other Recognizances, to be taken within the said City and Suburbs thereof, before the Mayor or Sheriffs, or Coroners of the same City for the Time being, or summoned by any of his Officer or Officers, Minister or Ministers, although such Juries, Inquisitions, or Recognizances, should be summoned upon a Writ or Writs of Right; but that the said Masters or Governors, and Commonalty of the aforesaid Mystery, and their Successors, and every of them, should be thereof acquitted, and wholly discharged for ever; and his said then Majesty thereby further granted unto the aforesaid Masters or Governors, and Commonalty of the said Mystery of Barbers, and to their Successors the following Liberty; to wit, That they at all Times thereafter should and might admit Persons able and sufficiently learned and instructed in the said Mystery of Surgery, and by them approved of in Form, and presented to the Mayor of the said City for the Time being, and no other Persons, or in any other Manner, into the said Mystery of Barber Surgeons, and Liberty of the said City: And whereas by an Act of Parliament made and passed in the thirty-second Year of the Reign of the late King Henry the Eighth, intituled, _For Barbers and Surgeons_, after taking Notice that it was very expedient and needful to provide for Men expert in the Science of Physick and Surgery for the Health of Man’s Body, when Infirmities and Sickness should happen; for the due Exercise and Maintenance whereof, good and necessary Acts had theretofore been made and provided, and that within the City of _London_, Men of great Experience, as well in Speculation as in Practice of the Science and Faculty of Surgery, were abiding and inhabiting, and had more commonly the daily Exercise and Experience of the same Science of Surgery than was had and used within any Parts of the Realm; and by Occasion thereof, many expert Persons were brought up under them as their Servants, Apprentices and others, who by the Exercise and diligent Information of their Masters, might exercise the said Science within divers other Parts of the Realm; to the great Relief, Comfort and Succour of much People, and to the Safeguard of their bodily Health, Limbs and Lives; and reciting, That within the said City of _London_ there were then two several and distinct Companies of Surgeons occupying and exercising the Science and Faculty of Surgery, the one Company being commonly called _The Barbers of_ London, and the other Company called _The Surgeons of_