Prescription, Use, or Custom, or by any other lawful Means, Rights or Title theretofore had, used or accustomed: And his said late Majesty King Charles the First did thereby give Power to the said Company and Corporation to make Bye-laws for the good Order and Government of the said Society, in such Manner, and under such Restrictions, as is therein mentioned; and to make annual Elections of Masters or Governors of the said Commonalty, whereof two to be Professors in the Art and Science of Surgery; and also to elect and constitute ten of the Freemen of that Society to be Examiners of the Surgeons of _London_, during their Lives: And it was thereby further granted, That no Person or Persons whatsoever, whether a Freeman of the said Society, or a Foreigner, or a Native of _England_, or an Alien, should use or exercise the said Art or Science of Surgery within the said Cities of _London_ and _Westminster_, or either of them, or within the Distance of seven Miles of the said City of _London_, for his or their private Lucre or Profit, (except such Physicians as are therein mentioned) unless the said Person or Persons were first tried and examined in the Presence of two or more of the Masters or Governors of the Mystery and Commonalty aforesaid for the Time being, by four or more of the said Examiners so to be elected and constituted as aforesaid, and by the publick Letters Testimonial of the same Masters or Governors under their Common Seal approved of, and admitted to exercise the said Art Or Science of Surgery, according to the Laws and Statutes of the Kingdom of _England_, under the Penalty in the said Letters Patents mentioned; and that all and every of the said Freemen and Surgeons so examined, approved of, and admitted as aforesaid, might lawfully use and exercise the same Art and Science of Surgery, as well within the Cities of _London_ and _Westminster_, the Liberties and Suburbs thereof, as in any other Cities, Towns, Boroughs and Places whatsoever of the Kingdom of _England_: And it was thereby further granted and provided, That the said Masters and Governors of the Mystery and Commonalty aforesaid, and their Successors, might appoint and have a publick Lecture for the Art and Science of Surgery in their common Hall, or other convenient Place, every Week or otherwise, at the Discretion of the said Masters or Governors and their Assistants, or the major Part of them for the Time being, to be held for the better Instruction and Information in the Principles and Rudiments of the Art and Science of Chirurgery of all and singular as well Freemen as Foreigners, whether native Subjects of _England_ or Aliens, to be entered and admitted as is therein mentioned: And it was thereby also constituted and ordained, That no one, whether a Freeman of the Mystery or Commonalty aforesaid, or a Foreigner, whether a Native of _England_, or an Alien, exercising the Art of Surgery within the Cities of _London_