[40] As by Aristophanes in Plutus. In Liddell & Scott’s Lexicon Πἁρώας is defined to be “a reddish-brown snake sacred to Æsculapius.” [41] Thierleben. Grosse Auflage. Dritte Abtheilung. Erster Band. Seite 348. Leipzig, 1878. [42] General Zoology, part ii, p. 452. London, 1802. [43] Coronella venustrissima. [44] Animal Kingdom, vol. ix, p. 263. [45] Reptiles and Birds, p. 92. New York, 1870. [46] The Medical and Surgical Reporter for January 5th and 12th, 1884. [47] Travels in the Morea, vol. ii. London, 1830. [48] Mr. Thos. W. Ludlow, of Yonkers, N. Y., has two interesting letters on the subject in the New York Nation, September 28, 1882, and February 15, 1883. No comprehensive account has as yet appeared in either the English, French, or German language. An interesting article on “Æsculapia as Revealed by Inscriptions,” by Prof. A. C. Merriam, in Gaillard’s Medical Journal for May, 1885, partly meets the want. [49] Geography, viii. Translation in Bohn’s Library. [50] Smith’s Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. [51] Itinerary of Greece (translation), vol. ii, p. 212. [52] Στὸ Ἱερὸν, sacred place. [53] Mr. Ludlow says, in one of his letters, and also informs me privately, that Mr. Kavvadias has found the theatre to be without the peribolus of the Sacred Grove. Following Pausanias, Mr. Leake states it to be within the enclosure. [54] There is reason to hope that Mr. Kavvadias will make valuable discoveries in excavating its ruins. [55] Anything about a physician which might be the means of conveying disease from one to another is seriously objectionable. Woolen material is not the proper thing in the outside clothing, and one attending cases of contagious diseases should not wear gloves, unless he is wont to wash his hands well after each visit. [56] Itinerary of Greece (translation), vol. ii, p. 213. [57] Travels in Morea, vol. ii, p. 428. The Æsculapian priest is not represented as an honest personage in the “Plutus” of Aristophanes. He stealthily gathers the cakes from the altars and “consecrates these into a sack.” [58] Itinerary of Greece (translation), vol. ii, p. 27. [59] See note in succeeding chapter. [60] Professor A. C. Merriam, in Gaillard’s Medical Journal, May, 1885. [61] Professor Merriam’s article; also L’Asclépieion d’Athenès, by Paul Girard, Paris, 1882. An interesting little book, in which much may be learned about asclepia and the asclepiades. The Athenian asclepion was quite famous, and existed until beyond the fifth century. [62] Natural History, xxii, 2. [63] In reference to the asclepia or asclepions, as he calls them, Draper says: “An edict of Constantine suppressed those establishments.” And again: “The asclepion of Cnidus continued until the time of Constantine, when it was destroyed along with many other pagan establishments.” History of the Intellectual Development of Europe, pp. 386 and 397. Revised edition. New York, 1876.