[9] Before modern times medicated baths were not held in favor; the sand and iron baths, so highly extolled by Scribonius and Herodotus, of Rome, were unknown in France. Sulphur baths were recommended in the eleventh century, by Gilbert, of England, in dropsy and other cachectic affections; and by Arnauld de Villeneuve, in cases of stone in the bladder. Mineral water baths did not come into use really until the sixteenth century. Hubert praised the waters of Bourboune in 1570, and Pidoux those of Pougnes in 1584. The waters of Auvergne and the Pyrennees were first described in the seventeenth century, as well as those of Aix and of De Begnols, in Genanden. [10] Procopius, the Greek historian, born at Cæsarea in the year 500, left behind him numerous works, among which may be enumerated _L’Histoire de son temps_, in eight volumes (_Procopii Cæsariensis Historia sui temporibus_). This history of the times by Procopius gives a full description of the Plague, and is one of the _chef d’oeuvres_ of medical literature, one that will never be excelled. In this work nothing being omitted, not even the different clinical forms, it is truly classical. [11] Georgius Florentius Gregorius, _Historia Francorum_, de 417 591 A.D. [12] Anglada: _Etude sur les Maladies eteintes et les Maladies Nouvelles_. [13] _Traduction de Laurent Joubert de Montpellier._ [14] Black. “Histoire de la Medecine et de la Chirurgie.” [15] The “Chronique de Raoul Glaber,” Benedictine of Cluny, covers the period between the year 900 and 1046. It may be found translated in the collection of memoirs on the History of France by Guizot. [16] “Nouvelle Bibliotheque des Manuscripts.” [17] Satirical writers would not have failed to have spoken of the marks left by small-pox. Such authors as Martial, who frequented the public baths in order to write up the physical infirmities of his fellow-townsmen, to the end of divulging their deformities in biting epigram, would only have been too happy to have mocked the faces of contemporaries marked by the cicatrices of small-pox. [18] In the year 570, a violent disease, with running of the belly and variola, cruelly afflicted Italy and France. [19] Gregorii Turonensis, _Opera Omnia_, Liber V. [20] Latin _corallum_, which signifies heart, lung, intestines, and by extension of meaning, the interior of the body. “C’est la douleur, c’est la bataille Qui li detrenche la coraille.” —_Roman de la Rose._ [21] Sauvel, “Histoire et recherches des antiquites de la Ville de Paris.”