Medieval rhetoric and poetic to 1400 : $b Interpreted from representative worksBaldwin, Charles Sears
History
Medieval rhetoric and poetic to 1400 : $b Interpreted from representative works
Baldwin, Charles Sears
Literature, Medieval -- History and criticism; Poetics -- History -- To 1500; Rhetoric, Medieval
The ancient quantitative metric learned in school was often practised in
such occasional verse as Baudry de Bourgeuil’s.[44] Both his elegiacs and
his partially rimed verses are literary exercises. More significant is
the tentative use of rime in the same eleventh century by Fulbert.
Verbum Dei Spiritumque legifer in Genesi,
Rex David secundo psalmo post tricenum cecin_it_;
Sic uterque Trinitatem unitatis prodid_it_.
Sapiens cum genitore sancto suo Salomon
Plane verbo declaravit esse Deo Fili_um_,
Verbum scilicet æternum corde ejus genit_um_:
PL 141: 342.[45]
Heribert, Bishop of Eichstätt in 1021, rimed more confidently, but still
without insistence.
Salve, crux sancta, salve mundi gloria,
Vera spes nostra, vera ferens gaudia,
Signum salutis, salus in periculis,
Vitale lignum, vitam portans omnium....
AH 50: 291.
The danger of insistence in rimed stress verse was already evident in
many accentual hexameters riming the end of the verse with the middle.
How easily the combination lapses into doggerel appears in a common
seven-stress verse with marked cæsura (4 + 3).
Gratiæ millesimo ducentesimoque
Anno sexagesimo quarto quarta quoque
Feria Pancratii post sollempnitatem
Valde gravis prelii tulit tempestatem
Anglorum turbatio castroque Lewensi,
Nam furori ratio, vita cessit ensi....
_The Battle of Lewes_ (in Wright’s _Political Songs_,
Camden Society, 1839, page 72).
Such mechanical versifying merely makes obvious that stress rhythm was
the established habit.[46] By the twelfth century anything else was
merely literary exercise, quite out of the literary current; and the
danger of obtruding the stress pattern of failing to fuse it with the
other means of suggestion, was more and more expertly avoided.
How far even a very marked pattern of stress and rime could be carried
was demonstrated in the famous _De contemptu mundi_ of Bernard of
Cluny.[47] Though its arraignment of his age soon faded, its detail of
doom and redemption, its realization of eternal life, showed poetic
vitality. Bernard’s failure in organizing the movement of the whole is
thus forgotten in the striking success of these parts.[48]
Nescio, nescio quæ jubilatio, lux tibi qualis,
Quam socialia gaudia, gloria quam specialis.
Laude studens ea tollere, mens mea victa fatiscit.
O bona gloria, vincor; in omnia laus tua vicit.
Stant Sion atria conjubilantia, martyre plena,
Cive micantia, Principe stantia, luce serena.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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