Medieval rhetoric and poetic to 1400 : $b Interpreted from representative worksBaldwin, Charles Sears
History
Medieval rhetoric and poetic to 1400 : $b Interpreted from representative works
Baldwin, Charles Sears
Literature, Medieval -- History and criticism; Poetics -- History -- To 1500; Rhetoric, Medieval
_Narratio_, statement of the facts,[32] should be concise, transparently
clear, and plausible (_brevis_, _dilucida_, _verisimilis_). The
application of the ancient maxim is to the connection of _narratio_
with _exordium_ by proper conjunctions and in several possible cases.
Similarly are set forth the ways of connecting it with the following
_petitio_, which is summarily defined. _Conclusio_ in a letter is not, as
in a speech, the logical result of proof. Rather it is the satisfaction
of whatever expectations have been aroused. It may be affirmative,
negative, or conditional, so long as it is a satisfying close. Modes of
connecting it with the rest of the letter again have most space.
Book V. Summary Review of the Preceding Books
The fifth book, reviewing all these items in the same order, constitutes
a summary manual, a _summa dictaminis_.
“Since I know that some will find the multiplicity of the
preceding burdensome, let the multiplicity be reduced in this
book to paucity in consideration for the unlettered (_rudium_).
Thus, as for those who rejoice in abundance I have displayed
letters both various and adequate, so for the many of weaker
stomach who wish to be fed on light diet I ought to set forth
food at once moderate and proper (_honestum_).” The author then
proceeds seriatim with a digest.
This book by itself provides about the same quantity of precept as
suffices in other manuals to introduce collections of specimens; but it
is exceptionally systematic.[33]
C. _CURSUS_
In the twelfth and thirteenth centuries the practise of _cursus_ became
more technical, and the use of the term more special. The Chancellor
appointed by Pope Urban II was John of Gaetà (Giovanni Gaetano), who
had learned _dictamen_ from Alberic of Monte Cassino,[34] and who was
specifically commissioned to “reform the style of ancient grace and
elegance in the Apostolic See” and to “restore the Leonine rhythm with
its lucid rapidity.”[35] The dominant chancery style, thus reformed,
embodied the principle of rhythmical close in three types of prose
cadence:
(1) _cursus planus_, víncla perfrégit;
(2) _cursus tardus_, víncla perfrégerat;
(3) _cursus velox_, vínculum frègerámus.[36]
The first sentence of a mandate of Innocent III shows all three.
Inter omnes munitiónes et cástra (_planus_)
quæ Romana ténet ecclésia (_tardus_)
munitionem et castrum Montis Fiasconis non solum inténdit sed
cúpit (_planus_)
et providéntius gùbernári (_velox_)
et studiósius cùstodíri (_velox_).[37]
The indignant closing paragraph of Dante’s letter to the Florentines
begins:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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